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180 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define sfuso
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tap wine
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native white grapes of Friuli-Venezia Giulia
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tocai friulano, malvasia, istriana, ribolla gialla & picolit
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pioneers of modern wine techniques, i.e. stainless fermentation, no oak, no mlf
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Mario Schiopetto, Livio Felluga & Others
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Where in Friuli are you most likely to find wines labeled by variety
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Carso, Collio, Colli Orientali del Friuli
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Innovation of Josko Gravner
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Burgundian-style oak aging in Friuli
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most widely planted red in Friuli
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Merlot - traditionally harvested with whites and drank young
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alluvial, gravely vineyards of Isonzo & Grave are compared to which french region
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Bordeaux
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best Friulian reds are from
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Collio & Colli Orientali - hills above Abbazia di Rosazzo
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characteristics of refosco
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light and grapey; similar to gamay
FVG |
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characteristics of schioppetino
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-very tannic
-vigorous grower requiring many green harvests - spicy black fruit - think N. Rhone FVG |
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characteristics of pignolo
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rare, black cherry and tarry tannins of Brunello
FVG |
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best locale and characteristic of picolit
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- best from Colli Orientali
- retains high levels of acidity when made into sweet wine |
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sweet DOCG of Friuli
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Verduzzo Ramandolo
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DOCGs of the Veneto
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Recioto di Soave, Bardolino, Soave Superiore
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1st producer to use Charmat method in producing prosecco
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Antonio Carpene of Carpene Malvolti
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Define: Colli Trevigiani
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hills b/t Conegliano & Valdobbiadene
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define: Cartizze
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250 acres NE of Valdobbiadene - considered "crus" of prosecco
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grapes of Soave
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garganega with some trebbiano di Soave
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Lugana
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- trebbiano di soave
- southern shore of L. Garda - shared with Veneto & Lombardia |
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which grape adds acidity to Valpolicella
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molinara
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other native red grapes of the Veneto
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croatina, negrara, dindarella
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Bardolino rosé is called what
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chiaretto
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Bardolino DOCG
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lighter counterpart to Valpolicella
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length of drying time for Amarone appasimento
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Oct. - Jan.
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graticci
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straw mats for drying grapes
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Which grapes are used in Recioto di Soave DOCG
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garganega & trebbiano di soave
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How are whites in Trentino - Alto Adige labeled
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by varietal
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nosiola
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- grown pricipally in the Valle dei Laghi
- makes rare vin santo Trentino |
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best müller-thurgau from
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Val di Cembra
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Alto Adige is also known as
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Südtirol
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white grapes grown in Alto Adige
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chardonnay, sauvignon blanc, pinot bianco, gewürztraminer, sylvaner
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traditional vine training in Trentino - Alto Adige
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pergola
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define: ora
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warm, drying afternoon breeze off L. Garda
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most widely planted red grape of Trentino - Alto Adige
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schiava aka vernatsch
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teroldego characteristics
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- thin skin, yet high in color & tannin extract
- blackberry, coffee, bitter chocolate - Campo Rotaliano & Teroldego Totaliano DOCs - Trentino |
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characteristics of lagrein
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- dark & spicy - think Chinon - funky
- made into rosso & rosato - Alto Adige |
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Franciacorta DOCG is located in which region
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Lombardia
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grapes allowed in Franciacorta
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chardonnay, pinot nero, pinot bianco
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define: Pase Operé
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no dosage
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aging requirements for Franciacorta
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NV - 18mo. in bottle
Vintage - 30mo. in bottle |
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DOC laws for Oltrepò Pavese DOC spumante
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70% pinot noir
mèthode champenoise |
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white wine of Oltrepo Pavese DOC
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dry riesling
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croatina is also known as what in Lombardia
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bonarda
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bonarda characteristics
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- spicy, dark fruit with coffee ground bitterness
- good tannins and acidity |
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red wines of Oltrepò Pavese
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blends of barbera, bonarda, ughetta & some pinot nero
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Lombardian synonym for appasimento
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sforsato or sfursat
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chiavannesca =
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nebbiolo in Lombardia
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4 vineyard sites of Valtellina DOCG
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Sassela, Grumello, Inferno, Valgella
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type of red wine produced in Franciacorta
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Bordeaux style
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the southern facing, terraced vineyards of Valtellina DOC run along which river
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the Adda
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synonym for nebbiolo in Valle d'Aosta
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picotendro
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Blanc de Morgex
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- rare sparkler from Valle d'Aosta
- made from prié blanc - steely, ultra acidic - mèthode champenoise |
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define: fumin
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meaty, syrah-like red found in Valle d'Aosta
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define: Valle d'Aosta Prëmetta
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"rosato naturale" - red grape so thin skinned, only capable of producing rosé
- bright, strawberry fruit with cinnamon |
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define: flétri
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French equivalent of passito
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malvoisie =
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pinot grigio
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which two grapes are vinified sweet in the Valle d'Aosta
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Chambave Muscat (muscat blanc) & Nus Malvoisie (pinot grigio) - both listed as flétri
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grape and abv for sparkling Asti
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moscato bianco
- 4-6% for frizzante - 9% for spumante |
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characteristics of erbaluce
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- chalky, acidic, floral & herbal
- grown N. of Torino around Caluso & Canavese - made still, spumanti & passiti |
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1st DOCG to include both red and white
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Roero
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grape for Gavi DOCG
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cortese
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major white within Langhe DOC
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burgundian-style chardonnay
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Gattinara & Ghemme DOCGs
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Spanna (nebbiolo) tempered with bonarda & vespolina in north-eastern Piemonte
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most widely planted grape in Piemonte
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barbera - incredibly adaptable & vigorous; used as filler where nebbiolo wouldn't ripen
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best DOCGs for dolcetto
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Dolcetto di Ovada (more rustic) & Dolcetto di Dogliani (comparatively rich)
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aging requirements for Barbaresco & Riserva
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2yrs, min 1 in oak
Riserva - 4yrs |
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aging requirements for Barolo & Riserva
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3yrs, min 2 in oak
Riserva - min 5yrs |
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soil type in Barolo & Barbaresco
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limestone-rich marl
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early founders of Barolo
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- Giulietta Falletti, marchioness of Barolo with Louis Oudart, french enologist - early 19th cen.
- Emanuele, 1st son of Vittorio Emanuele planted Fontanafredda circa 1870 |
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characteristics of grignolino
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- very light with spicy tang and orangy color
- produced in small quantities in Monferrato hills - Piemonte |
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mapped individual plots and vineyards of Barolo & Barbaresco
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Renato Ratti - 1960's
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define: sorí
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prized exposure; where winter snows would melt earliest
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major rivers in Piemonte
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Po & Tannaro
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define: Freia d'Asti
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- Piemontese answer to Lambrusco
- made in range of styles from dry to sweet |
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soil/style variations within Barolo
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- Western = softer and more delicate - more fertile calcareous marls
- Eastern = deeper and denser - less fertile sandstone mixed with calcareous marl |
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"crus" of La Morra
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Arborina, Marcenasco, Monfalletto, Carequio*, Brunate*
- aromatic and perfumed wines from NW sector of Barolo *= shares vineyards with Barolo |
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"crus" of Barolo
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Cannubi, Sarmassa, Brunate*, Carequio*
- broadest, most open, youthful wines *=shares vineyards with La Morra |
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"crus" of Castiglione Falletto
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Rocche, Monprivato, Villero
- geographic center of appellation with wines splitting characteristics accordingly |
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"crus" of Serralunga d'Alba
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Lazzarito, Vigna Rionda, Prapò, Omato, Monfortino
- eastern edge of Barolo DOCG - more sandstone = more depth, extraction & tannin |
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"crus" of Monforte d'Alba
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Bussia, Ginestra, Santo Stefano di Perno
- big, bold & dark; best sites in all Barolo DOCG |
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communes of Barolo
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La Morra, Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, Serralunga d'Alba, Monforte d'Alba
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communes of Barbaresco
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Barbaresco, Neive, Trieso
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"crus" of Barbaresco
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Secondine - (Sori San Lorenzo, Tildin, Costa Russi), Pajé, Asili, Martinenga; Montestefano
- fruitiest and most generous |
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"crus" of Neive
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Basarin, Gallina, Starderi, Serraboella
- highest altitude: austere, perfumed, frim tannins |
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"crus" of Trieso
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Trieso, Bernardot, Nervo
- southern end of Barbaresco; least known |
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modern improvements to Barolo & Barbaresco
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- use of barriques (Gaja, '60's)
- controlled temp fermentation - shortened maceration & fermentation times - use of roto-fermenters - clone selection, green harvest, dense planting |
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Brachetto d'Aqui DOCG
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still & sparkling allowed, rose & strawberry aromas; good chocolate pairing
- Piemonte |
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define: ormeasco
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synonym for dolcetto in Liguria
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white wine of Liguria
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vermentino - wild fennel & herbs, briny finish
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define: pigato
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lesser grown white grape of Liguria; similar to vermentino, but more intense, perfumed & biting on finish
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best area for vermentino in Liguria
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Potente - inland towns around Imperia
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best red wine of Liguria
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Rossese di Dolceaqua DOC
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define: batteria
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solera-type system for Aceto Artigianala di Modena e di Reggio
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Lambrusco DOCs for Emilia-Romagna
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Reggiano - quality leader
Lambrusco Grasparosso di Castelvetro - most full bodied Lambrusco di Sorbara - elegant styles |
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what type of wines are produced in the Colli Piacentini
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sparklers from chardonnay & pinot made in mèthode champenoise
- Emilia-Romagna |
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1st DOCG
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Albana di Romagna
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define: pagadebit
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Emilia-Romagnian synonym for bombino bianco - piercing acidity and chalkiness
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most white wine from Emilia-Romagna is bottled as
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sfuso
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define: gutturnio
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bonarda (croatina) & barbera blend in Emilia-Romagna
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prime area in Emilia-Romagna for sangiovese
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south of Via Emilia, from Bologna to Adriatic
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1st DOC
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Vernaccia di San Gimignano
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quality areas for trebbiano toscano
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Montescudaio & Montecarlo DOCs
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white, coastal grape of Toscana
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vermentino
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genetic parents of sangiovese
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ciliegiolo & calabrese montenuova
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2 main strands of sangiovese
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large berries - sangiovese gosso - prugnolo gentile & brunello
small berries - sangiovetto - Chianti |
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1716 - Cosimo III de Medici
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delimited production of Chianti to 4 communes: Greve, Radda, Gaiole & Castellina
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importance of Bettino Ricasoli
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1870's - devises chianti "recipe": base of sangiovese, softening canaiolo, white grapes for "fresher wines"
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7 subzones of Chianti
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Colli Aretini, Colli Fiorentini, Colli Sinesi, Colline Pisane, Montalbano, Rufina, Montispertoli
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traditional, straw-covered chianti bottle
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un fiasco
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briefly outline changes in Chianti wine laws in 1984 & 1996
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1984 - elevation to DOCG status; min white grapes down to 2%, 10% foreign varieties allowed
1996 - no min for white grapes, up to 15% foreign varieties allowed, tighter yield restrictions |
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describe "Chianti Classico 2000"
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consorzio project started in '89 to identify sangiovese clones with thicker skins, higher anthocyanins & sparser grape clusters; put 4 clones on market in 2001
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which grapes are allowed for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
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100% Sangiovese
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which ripens first: Brunello, Chianti or Vino Nobile
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Brunello
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aging for Brunello
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min 4yrs
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aging requirements for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
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none
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Rosso di Montalcino
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declassified Brunello; meant to be drunk younger
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who is credited with the discovery of the Brunello clone
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Clemente Santi in 1840's
founded Biondi-Santi in 1888 |
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grapes other than sangiovese in Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
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can be 100% sangiovese;
allowance of up to 20% canaiolo & 10% white varieties |
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describe aspect and land of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
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more sand & alluvial soil
more sunlight due to less pitch in hillsides |
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formula for Carmignano DOCG
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min 50% sangiovese, up to 20% canaiolo, 10-20% cabernets franc & sauvignon, 10% white grapes & 10% others - necessarily wide range of styles
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Rufina
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best regarded non-classico zone; northern limit of sangiovese production;
cool vineyard sites=sharp, angular chiantis |
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year Bolgheri DOC is created
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1984
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first vintage of Ornellaia
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1985 - Lodovico Antinori (brother of Piero)
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grapes of the southern Maremma
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international varieties with more blending of ciliegiolo & alicante (grenache)
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define: "occhio di pernice"
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eye of the partridge - rare, rose-colored , Tuscan vin santo made from 1/3 white and 2/3 red grapes
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grapes for Tuscan Vin Santo
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malvasia, trebbiano, sometimes grechetto
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aging requirements for Tuscan Vin Santo
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3yrs in small oak or chestnut casks with no topping up
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DOCGs of Umbria
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Montefalco Sagratino & Torgiano Rosso Riserva
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Orvieto DOCG
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70% of Umbrian DOC wine;
40-60% trebbiano, 15-25% verdello, remainder is mix including grechetto, canaiolo bianco (drupeggio), malvasia toscana & others |
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Montefalco Sagratino vs. Montefalco Rosso
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Rosso based on sangiovese;
Sagratino - 100% Sagratino - dark, sappy, tannic, blackberry jam to pine tar |
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effect of Tiber river on Umbrian wines
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funnels moderating, warm breezes north from mediteranean
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Umbrian wine consultant advocating international varieties and styles
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Riccardo Cotarella
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vini dolci di Umbria
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Orvieto - botryticized white - traditional drink of vacationing popes
Montefalco - passito di Sagrantino: blackberry & liquid milk chocolate |
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DOCGs of Le Marche
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Rosso Cònero Riserva & Vernaccia di Sarrapetrona
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red grape of Le Marche
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Montepulciano
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what are brancame & maceratino
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obscure white grapes found in Le Marche
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50% of all DOC wine in Le Marche is what
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Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOC
- limestone & mineral-rich clay - located b/t Adriatic & Appennines |
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Est!Est!!Est!!! di Montefiascone is found in which region and is based by which grape
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Lazio - min 65% trebbiano
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best white wines of Lazio are from
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Alban Hills
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define: cesanese
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spicy, red grape of Lazio; often plended with international varieties
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DOCG of Abruzzo
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Montepulciano d'Abruzzo Colline Teramane
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define: cerasuolo
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rosé made from Montepulciano d'Abruzzo
- hearty rosati with strawberry, dried cherry, orange peel & cinnamon flavors |
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DOCGs of Campania
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Taurasi, Fiano di Avellino, Greco di Tufo
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greco family of grapes is probably the progenitor of what other modern varietals
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trebbiano, verdicchio & garganega
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grapes and aging of Taurasi DOCG
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aglianico with small amounts of piedirosso
- min 3yr aging, 1yr in oak |
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define: Irpina
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collection of towns around Avellino - excellent source of greco, fiano and aglianico
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coastal grape of Campania
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Falanghina - usually blended
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flavor profile of aglianico
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saddle leather, tea leaves, cigar box, black fruits
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best source of aglianico in Campania outside of Taurasi
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Taburno DOC - north of Irpina
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define: alberello
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ancient method of vine training to stake; "bush vine"; still used in parts of southern Italy & Sardegna
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vini rosati di Puglia are made from what grapes
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negroamaro & primitivo
- excellent pairing for brodotti |
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define: uva di troia
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aromatic, deeply colored grape found in northern Puglia; best exemplified in Castel del Monte DOC where it is sometimes blended with negroamaro or montepulciano
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best area for primitivo
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Primitivo di Manduria DOC
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negroamaro profile
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thick skinned, tough and tannic, black licorice flavors; often blended with malvasia nera
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Locorotondo & Marina Franca DOCs are based on which grape
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flinty verdeca - Puglia
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soils of Puglia
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flattest region of Italy - consistent mixture of terra rossa & limestone
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base grape of Falernum
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aglianico
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define: gròtte
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caves in Basilicata excavated by Albanian refugees in 15th cen.
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DOCs of Basilicata
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Aglianico del Vulture & Terra dell'Alta Val d'Agri
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Aglianico del Vulture DOCG
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100% aglianico
high altitude & steep slopes + southern heat = cool nights & good drainage + power late harvest - not till late October/early November |
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white wine of Cirò DOC
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greco - here called greco bianco; often blended with trebbiano, malvasia bianca
- Calabria |
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define: gagliopo
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thick skinned, yet not tannic grape from Cirò DOC in Calabria
- wild berry jam with tart finish |
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define: Greco di Bianco
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appassimento-style wine from Bianco at the tip of the boot
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white grapes planted in Sicilia
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catarratto bianco (60% of all plantings), inzolia (aka ansonica), grecanico, chardonnay. sauvignon blanc, müller-thurgau
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best example of catarratto bianco
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base grape for Alcamo DOC
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primary roles of Catarratto bianco
|
blender in Marsala & staple of vermouth
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other red grapes of Sicilia
|
nerello mascalese & frappato
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synonym for nero d'avola
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calabrese
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Sicilian IGT whites tend to be what
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big, tropical, oaky chardonnays
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grapes and colors of Marsala
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oro & ambra - grillo, catarratto, inzolia & damaschino
rubino - perricone, nero d'avola, nerello mascalese + some whites |
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aging requirements of Marsala
|
Fine - 1yr, not necessarily in wood
Superiore - min 2yrs in wood, 4yrs for Superiore Riserva Vergine/Soleras - min 5yrs in wood, 10yrs for stravecchio or riserva |
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define: Malvasia delle Lipari
|
naturally sweet & fruity wine from islands of Lipari & Salina off northern Sicilian coast
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define: Zibibbo
|
moscato bianco found on the Island of Pantelleria; appassimento-style
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predominant white grape of Sardegna
|
Vermentino - best exemplified in Vermentino di Gallura DOCG
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define: scirocco
|
hot breeze originating on the African continent influencing Sicilia & Sardegna
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other white grapes of Sardegna
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nuragus - think albariño
torbato - known as tourbat in France |
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define: monica
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light, tart, high-acid red with cherry-berry flavors grown around Caglieri
|
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3 subzones of Cannonau di Sardegna
|
Oliena, Jerzo, Capo Ferrato
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where is carignano planted in Italy
|
hot, sandy SW of Sardegna
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define: Vernaccia di Oristano DOC
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- sherry-style wines from Sardegna (flor present)
- barrels not topped off - no relation to vernaccia of Toscana |
