Italian Art History Final

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Palazzo Vecchio

Architect: Unknown
Date: 1299
Patron: Commune
Function: Town Hall

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Back 2

Holy trinity

Artist: Masaccio
Date: 1427
Patron: unknown
Style: Early Renaissance – first ever renaissance painting
First painting using linear perspective
Single Point Perspective: 3d space on 2d surface
Momento mori on the bottom

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Back 3

David (Bronze)

Artist: Donatello
Date: 1450
Patron: (Probably) Medici Family
First freestanding nude since antiquity
Androgyny
Whole story told in one sculpture

Original Location: Palazzo Medici courtyard

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Back 4

Bacchus

Artist: Michelangelo
Date: 1496
Patron: Cardinal Riario (introduced Michelangelo to his father, the pope, which probably lead to his great papal commissions)
Michelangelo was making knock off roman sculptures to sell, Riario bought one, got pissed, found him and asked him to do it again
He ultimately rejected the sculpture because Bacchus is not idealized, he’s drunk and fat

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David

Artist: Michelangelo
1501 -1504
Patron: Opera of Florence Cathedral
Intended Location: back buttress of Duomo
It was at Palazzo Vecchio for 369 years
Academia was built for the David, architecture makes it look bigger
Proportions are off because it was supposed to be way up high and viewed from below

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Back 6

Pieta

Artist: Michelangelo
1498
Style: High Renaissance (but made in Early Ren period)
Original Location: Old St. Peters
Pieta – “sorrow, pity” art historical: image of BVM holding head son for last time

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Creation of Adam

Artist: Michelangelo
1508-1512
Patron: Pope Julius II
Style: High Renaissance
Location: Sistine Chapel Ceiling

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School of Athens

Artist: Raphael
Date: 1508
Patron: Pope Julius II
Location: Papal Apartments

*This room was originally the library, painting acted as a card catalog
*This section was philosophy – but that meant all the sciences
*Michelangelo added to painting as an homage

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Tomb of Galiano De’Medici

Artist: Michelangelo
Date: 1519-1534
Patrons: (1) Pope Leo X (2) Pope Clement VII (Medici Popes)
Location: Medici Chapels, New Sacristy, San Lorenzo
Sculptural figures represent the active times of day = Night(F) and Day(M)
Tension:
Night older, day younger
Opposite contrapposto
Seated figure is effigy of Giuliano - effigy – likeness, not a portrait

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Portrait of Angelo Doni

Artist: Raphael
Date: 1505
Patron: Angelo Doni
Type: three quarter turn, Half Length Portrait

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Portrait of woman – La Velata

Artist: Rafael
Date: 1517
Patron: Unknown
Type: High Renaissance

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Annunciation

Artist: Fra Angelico
1436-1442
Patron: Cosimo “The Elder” di Medici
Location: Top of stairs, leading into the dorms at San Marco
What is the meaning of the painting: To remind the monks to pray

Front 13

Why were the Slaves sculptures unfinished?

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Because he stopped working on the tomb and the size was shrunken down

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Why did Michelangelo come to Rome?

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To work on Pope Julius II tomb

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Black Death date

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1348

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Giotto’s Painting style can be characterized as including

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Emotional, a lot of movement, naturalistic, theatrical

Front 17

Portrait of the Duke of Urbino now in the Uffizi

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Portrays the duke as a man of power

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City of Florence was founded in

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59 BC as a Roman Castrum

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Cosimo de’ Medici rejected Brunelleschi’s model for Palazzo Medici because

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It was too lavish

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The mission of the Dominican Oder was

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To combat against heresy

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The old sacristy San Lorenzo

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Was designed by Filippo Brunelleschi and was used as a funerary chapel

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In an ancient Roman city, the Forum is…

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The political, social, and religious center

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What style of paintings does Rafael do?

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High Renaissance

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Centralized plan

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Plan where the nave and the cross are the same length (eg. Bramante’s plan of New St. Peter)

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Pieta

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Sorrow or Pity (eg. image of Mary holding her son for the last time)

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Chiaroscuro

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The strong contrast of light and dark tones to create a three dimensional appearance (eg. Madonna Child and Saints)

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Contraposto

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The twist in the body (movement) (eg. The David)

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Cangiantismo

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the use of complementary colors for modeling figures (eg. Portrait of Angelo Doni)

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Rustication

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Rough treatment of stone (eg. Palazzo Vecchio)

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High renaissance

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1500-1600 (eg. Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel)

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Gilding

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covering something with gold leaf to make it look gold (eg. Background of a Gothic painting)

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Duomo

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House of God (eg. Duomo of Florence)

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Fresco

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Paint applied to wet plaster (fresh) (eg. Holy Trinity)

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Tondo

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Round painting (eg. Doni-tondo)