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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the first US computer and when was it made. What did it do?
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UNIVAC I, 1950 used by the Census bureau
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Mechanical computers are what type of devices
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Analog
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What was the weak link in first generation computers?
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Vacuum tubes
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What is the most basic term for computer programs
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Software
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Computers ofthe second generation were characterized by what technology
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Transistors
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What does ROM mean?
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Read only memory
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Software is a term used for what four main types of programs?
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Operating systems, applications, compilers, and assemblers
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Defin operating system
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A central set of programs that manages execution ofother oprograms and performs common functions like read, write, and print?
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What unit is the brain of the computer?
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The Central processing unit
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When a program is so large and complex that it exceeds the memory capacity of an stored- program computer, where is the overflow stored?
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Auxillary memory
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What is bootstrap application?
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It is an auxiliary memory used in some computers to permanently store a small program that makes manual loading unnecessary
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The tiny doughnut-shaped rings that make up magnetic core storage are made of what material
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Ferrite
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In what form is data stored on a computer?
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Binary
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Describe firmware.
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Programs that are tailored to certain needs and permanently installed in ROM by the naufacturer..
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What kind of memory used inside computers has a read/write capability without any additional special equipment
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RAM
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Define boot
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Initial program load
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The 3 characteristics following each directory entry are called
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Extensions
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Define utility commands
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Commands built into the operating system that control actions like copy rename etc
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Define bugs
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Errors caused by faulty logic and coding mistakes
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What type of software allows you to enter data and then retrieve it in a variety of ways
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Dat management software
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What is a hexadeciamal?
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Numbering system with a base of 16
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What is a parity check
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a test bit for bit count
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Define bit
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A single binary digit
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Define network
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Any system composed of one or more computers and terminals
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Define local area
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A network that consists of various machines linked together within a building or adjacent buildings
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For LAN what two designs are used
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Broadband and base band (coaxial cable and basic frequency band of radio waves)
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The transmission of voice as well as data and text can be handled by what type of communicatiions channels
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Broadband
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Wide area networks are AKA
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Global network
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The first successful communicaitons satellite for business applicatiions was launched in what year?
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1965
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If the conversion of the digital signal to be transmitted were not carried out, it would degenerate and become what?
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Garbled
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What are interface elements?
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Devices that serveto interconnect
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With a modem, what are the two methods of data transmission?
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Digital and analog
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Define Synchronous transmission method
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When a single set of start and stop message characters are used per block of data
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Define protocol
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The specific set of rules used to govern hanshaking and message characters
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Define handshaking
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Whenever data is transferrd between devices, it also involves an exchange of prearranged signals
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What are the names of sections within a CPU?
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Internal storage, arithmetic-logic, and working-storage make up a CPU
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What does the control section of a CPU do?
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The Control section directs the flow ofoperations and data
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The internal storage section normally ccontains which type of storage areas?
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Input, output, program, and working
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Define RAM.
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The type of memory allowing you to read data from it and write data into it just by gining the computer the address of the locatiion where the data is stored
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What is a charcteristic of PROM?
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It allows you to enter any program you desire, but once the memory has been written into, it can never be altered or changed
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Most computers can permanently store often used instruction, such as those used to boot-strap the computer, in memory. What type of memory makes this possible?
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Read-Only
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Where is secondary storage held?
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External to the computer
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Define Half-Duplex
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Two way Communications over an I/O channel only one at a time
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Define full-duplex
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Two way simultaneous comms over an I/O channel
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What does a modulator demodulator do?
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Converts a digital signal produced by your terminal to an audio signal suitable for transmission over a communicatiion line
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The system board contains which ofthe following types of chips?
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RAM, ROM I/O integrated chips and microprocessor chip
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CD ROM uses WORM technology which is..
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Write once read many
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