Isys401 - Chapter 2 Vocab

Front 1

Project

Back 1

a planned undertaking that has a beginning and an end and that produces a desired result or product

Front 2

Systems development life cycle (SDLC)

Back 2

the entire process of building, deploying, using, and updating an information system

Front 3

Predictive approach

Back 3

an SDLC approach that assumes the development project can be planned and organized in advance and that the new information system can be developed according to the plan

Front 4

Adaptive approach

Back 4

an SDLC approach that is more flexible, assuming that the project cannot be planned out completely in advance but must be modified as it progresses

Front 5

Waterfall approach

Back 5

an SDLC approach that assumes the various phases of a project can be completed sequentially

Front 6

Spiral model

Back 6

an adaptive SDLC approach that cycles over and over again through development activities until a project is complete

Front 7

Prototype

Back 7

a preliminary working model showing some aspect of a larger system

Front 8

Iteration

Back 8

systems development process in which work activities- analysis, design, implementation- are done once, then again, and yet again on different system components- they are repeated until the system is closer to what is needed

Front 9

Incremental development

Back 9

a development approach that completes parts of a system in several iterations and then puts them into operation for users

Front 10

Systems development methodology

Back 10

guidelines to follow for completing every activity in systems development, including specific models, tools, and techniques

Front 11

Model

Back 11

a representation of an important aspect of the real world

Front 12

Unified modeling language (UML)

Back 12

a standard set of model constructs and notations developed specifically for object-oriented development

Front 13

Tool

Back 13

software support that helps create models or other components required in the project

Front 14

CASE tool

Back 14

a computer-aided system engineering tool that helps a systems analyst complete development tasks

Front 15

Technique

Back 15

a collection of guidelines that help an analyst complete a system development activity or task

Front 16

Best practices

Back 16

generally accepted approaches for completing a system development task that have been proven over time to be effective

Front 17

Unified process (UP)

Back 17

an object-oriented system development methodology originally developed by Grady, Booch, James Rumbaugh, and Ivar Jacobson

Front 18

Use case

Back 18

an activity the system carries out, usually in response to a request by the user

Front 19

Discipline

Back 19

a set of functionally related activities that together contribute to one aspect of a UP development project

Front 20

Artifacts

Back 20

UP work products

Front 21

Problem domain

Back 21

the area of the user’s business that needs an information system solution

Front 22

Object-oriented approach

Back 22

a system development approach that view an information system as a collection of interacting object that work together to accomplish tasks

Front 23

Object

Back 23

a thing in the computer system that can respond to messages

Front 24

Object-oriented analysis (OOA)

Back 24

defining all of the types of objects that do the work in a system and showing what user interactions are required to complete tasks

Front 25

Object-oriented design (OOD)

Back 25

defining all of the types of object necessary to communicate with people and devices in the system, showing how the object interact to complete tasks, and refining the definition of each type of object so it can be implemented with a specific language or environment

Front 26

Object-oriented programming

Back 26

writing statements in a programming language to define what each type of object does, including the messages that the object send to each other

Front 27

Naturalness

Back 27

characteristic of the object-oriented approach that describes its match with the way people usually think about their world

Front 28

Reuse

Back 28

benefit of the object-oriented approach that allows classes and object to be invented once and used many times

Front 29

User interface object

Back 29

an object the user interacts with while using the system, such as a button, menu item, text box, or label

Front 30

Attributes

Back 30

object characteristics that have values, such as the size, shape, color, location, and caption of a button or label or the name, address, and phone number of a customer

Front 31

Methods

Back 31

behaviors or operations that describe what an object is capable of doing

Front 32

Problem domain objects

Back 32

objects that are specific to a business application

Front 33

Class

Back 33

a type or classification to which all similar objects belong

Front 34

Instance

Back 34

a synonym for object

Front 35

Messages

Back 35

communications between object in which one object asks another object to invoke, or carry out, one of its methods

Front 36

Association Relationships

Back 36

naturally occurring relationships between objects, such as when a customer is associated with its orders

Front 37

Multiplicity

Back 37

the number of associations between objects

Front 38

Encapsulation

Back 38

combining attributes and methods into one unit and hiding its internal structure of objects

Front 39

Information hiding

Back 39

a characteristic of object-oriented development in which data associated with an object are not visible to the outside world

Front 40

Identity

Back 40

a unique reference to an object that allows another object to find it and send it a message

Front 41

Persistent objects

Back 41

objects that a system remembers and that are available for use over time

Front 42

Inheritance

Back 42

a concept which one class of objects shares some characteristics of another class

Front 43

Superclass

Back 43

a general class in a generalization / specialization hierarchy, which can be extended by a subclass

Front 44

Subclass

Back 44

a specialized class in a generalization / specialization hierarchy, which contains additional attributes and methods distinguishing it from a more general class that it extends

Front 45

Generalization / specialization hierarchy

Back 45

a classification system that structures or ranks classes from the more general superclass to the more specialized subclasses- also called inheritance hierarchy

Front 46

Polymorphism

Back 46

a characteristic of objects that allows them to respond differently to the same message

Front 47

Repository

Back 47

a database of information about the system used by a CASE tool, including models, descriptions, and references that link the various models