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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transistor
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electronics component of silicon that oepns or closes a circuit. 1 for electricity and 0 for none
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integrated circuit
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also called chips used to store bits and bytes. made up of multiple transistors
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CPR
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group of integrated cicuits. all CPU circuits make one microprocessor
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Motherboard
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primary circuit board
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Buses
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pathways
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Processing
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act of manipulating data in a manner that is defined by programmed instructions...IT PRocesses instructions
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Instruction set
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finite number if instructions sent to the processor
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Three components of CPU
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1. ALU (instructions and math)
2. Control Unit(sequentially access programs 3.Registers(hold bytes being processed) |
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RAM
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volatile/temporary memory that carries instructions for processor to access.
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system bus
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consists of electronic pathways between CPU and RAM. typically connects to a chipset that ties several bus systems
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Two phases of ececution of instruction that make up machine cycle
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1.Instruction phase
2.execution phase |
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Instruction phase
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1.Fetch instruction(instructions accessed from RAM by control unit
2. Decode instruction :Control Unit(decoded info, moved from RAM to CPU) |
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eXECUTION Phase
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3.Execute instructions (ALU)
4.Store results |
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system clock
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clock speed of electronic pulses to synchronize processing activities...in MHz and GHz..faster clocks with larger cooling systems
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System clocks
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not important how fast clock speed but how well it does with processor in each tick
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Cache memory
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mhigh-speed memory that can be accessed faster than RAM. it make sintelligent guesses three levls L1, L2, L3...LARGER cache mean faster processing
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Wordlength
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number of bits CPU can process at once e.g Intel Pentium with 32 or 64 bits
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MIPS
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Millions of instruction per second true measere of processors performance
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FLOPS
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Floating point ops per sec...more precise
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TYPES OF MULTI-PROCESSING
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1.Coprocessing
2.ParalleL 3.Massively parallel processing (MPP) |
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Coprocessing
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special purpose to speed up specific instructions while CPU works on somthing else
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Parallel Proecssing
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speeds processing by linking several processots to operate at same time. challenge not in connecting processors but have them work effectively as a unified set
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Grid computing/clustering
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PROCESSORS linked over a network
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MPP
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involves thousands of processors operating together e.g NASA Columbia
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Moore's Law
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when transistor densities increase so does the speed of the processor. transistor densitities double processor speeds will also double every 18 months
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SIMM
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Single in line emory module
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ppm
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pages printed per minute
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dpi
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dot per inch for resolution of a printer
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Impact printer
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use impact to transfer ink
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Dot-matrix
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use impactas well but capable of printing characters
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Plotters
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printers for large graphic designs
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Firewire
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competes with USB for connecting devices to computers
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