Isys 414 Chapter 5 (Updated)

Front 1

Sabotage

Back 1

Intent is to destroy or harm a system or some of its components.

Front 2

Cookie

Back 2

Data that web sites store on your computer to identify their web sites to your computer and to identify you to the web site so you do not have to log on each time you visit the site.

Front 3

Misappropriation of Assets

Back 3

The theft of company assets. (Employee Fraud)

Front 4

Fraudulent Financial Reporting

Back 4

Intentional or reckless conduct that results in materially misleading financial statements.

Front 5

Lapping Scheme

Back 5

The perpetrator steals the cash or check that customer A mails in to pay its accounts receivable. Funds received at a later date from customer B are used to pay off customer A's balance. Funds from customer C are used to pay off customer B.

Front 6

Kiting

Back 6

The perpetrator creates cash by taking advantage of the timing lag between depositing a check and the check clearing the bank.

Front 7

Rationalization

Back 7

Allows perpetrators to justify their illegal behavior.

Front 8

Computer Fraud

Back 8

Any illegal act for which knowledge of computer technology is essential for its perpetration.

Front 9

Hacking

Back 9

The unauthorized access and use of computer systems.

Front 10

War Dialing

Back 10

Hackers who search for dial-up modem lines by programming computer to dial thousands of phone lines.

Front 11

War Driving

Back 11

Driving around looking for unprotected wireless networks.

Front 12

War Chalking

Back 12

Some war drivers draw chalk symbols on sidewalks to mark unprotected wireless networks.

Front 13

War Rocketing

Back 13

Sending rockets into the air that let loose wireless access points

Front 14

Botnet

Back 14

A robot network of hijacked computers.

Front 15

Hijacking

Back 15

Gaining control of someone else's computer to carry out illicit activities without the user's knowledge.

Front 16

Zombies

Back 16

Infected machines.

Front 17

Denial-of-Service Attack

Back 17

When an attacker sends a recipient so many e-mail bombs (thousands per second) from randomly generated false addresses. The recipient's Internet service provider e-mail server is overloaded and shuts down.

Front 18

Spamming

Back 18

E-mailing or text messaging the same unsolicited message to many people at the same time.

Front 19

Dictionary Attacks

Back 19

(AKA Direct Harvesting Attacks) Spammers use special software to guess addresses at a particular company and send bland e-mail messages. Messages not returned usually have valid e-mail addresses and are added to spammer e-mail lists.

Front 20

Splogs

Back 20

Spam blogs that promote affiliated web sites to increase their Google page rank.

Front 21

Spoofing

Back 21

Making an e-mail message look as if someone else sent it.

Front 22

Zero-day Attack

Back 22

An attack between the time a new software vulnerability is discovered and the software developers and the security vendors release software.

Front 23

Password Cracking

Back 23

Penetrating a system's defenses, stealing valid passwords, and decrypting them so they can be used to access system programs, files and data.

Front 24

Masquerading or Impersonation

Back 24

Gaining access to the system by pretending to be an authorized user.

Front 25

Piggybacking

Back 25

1. The clandestine use of a neighbor's Wi-Fi network. 2. Accompanying a legitimate user into a system by latching onto a legit user over a tapped telecommunications line. 3. Bypassing physical controls by following someone through a door.

Front 26

Data Diddling

Back 26

Changing data before, during or after it is entered into a system.

Front 27

Data Leakage

Back 27

The unauthorized copying of company data.

Front 28

Salami Technique

Back 28

Embezzle large sums of money a 'salami slice' at a time from many different accounts.

Front 29

Round-down Fraud

Back 29

All interest calculations are truncated at two decimal places and the excess decimals put into an account the perpetrator controls.

Front 30

Phreaking

Back 30

Attacking phone systems to access, destroy and steal data.

Front 31

Economic Espionage

Back 31

The theft of information, trade secrets and intellectual property.

Front 32

Cyber-extortion

Back 32

Fraud perpetrators threaten to harm a company if it does not pay a specified amount of money

Front 33

Internet Terrorism

Back 33

When hackers use the Internet to disrupt electronic commerce and to destroy company and individual communications.

Front 34

Internet Misinformation

Back 34

Using the internet to spread false or misleading information about people or companies.

Front 35

E-mail Threats

Back 35

E-mails sent asking a recipient to do something that makes it possible to defraud them.

Front 36

Click Fraud

Back 36

Intentionally clicking on ads numerous times to inflate advertising bills.

Front 37

Software Piracy

Back 37

Copying software without the publisher's permission.

Front 38

Social Engineering

Back 38

Techniques that tick a person into disclosing confidential information.

Front 39

Identity Theft

Back 39

Assuming someone's identity, usually for economic gain, by illegally obtaining confidential information, such as SS#.

Front 40

Pretexting

Back 40

People act under false pretense to gain confidential information.

Front 41

Posing

Back 41

Creating a seemingly legitimate business, collecting personal information while making a sale, and never delivering the item sold.

Front 42

Shoulder Surfing

Back 42

Watching or listening to people give out confidential information.

Front 43

Skimming

Back 43

Double-swiping a credit card in a legitimate terminal or covertly swiping it in a card reader that records the data for later use.

Front 44

Chipping

Back 44

Posing as a service engineer and planting a small chip in a legitimate credit card reader that records transaction data.

Front 45

Eavesdropping

Back 45

Listening to private voice or data conversations, often using a wiretap.

Front 46

Malware

Back 46

Any software that can be used to do harm.

Front 47

Spyware

Back 47

Software that secretly collects personal information about users and sends it to someone else without the user's permission.

Front 48

Adware

Back 48

Using software to collect web-surfing and spending data and forward it to advertising or media organizations. It also causes banner ads to pop up on computer monitors.

Front 49

Torpedo Software

Back 49

Software that destroys competing malware, creating MALWARE WARS!!!!

Front 50

Key Logger

Back 50

Using malware to record a user's keystrokes.

Front 51

Trojan Horse

Back 51

A set of malicious computer instructions in an authorized and otherwise properly functioning program.

Front 52

Time Bombs and Logic Bombs

Back 52

Trojan horses that lie idle until triggered by specified time or circumstances.

Front 53

Trap Door

Back 53

Entering a system using a back door that bypasses normal system controls.

Front 54

Packet Sniffers

Back 54

Programs that capture data from information packets as they travel over the internet or company networks.

Front 55

Steganography Programs

Back 55

Hiding data from one file inside a host file such as a large image or sound file.

Front 56

Rootkit

Back 56

Software that conceals processes, files, network connections, and system data from the operating system and other programs.

Front 57

Superzapping

Back 57

Using special software to bypass regular system controls and perform illegal acts.

Front 58

Virus

Back 58

A segment of executable code that attaches itself to software, replicates itself, and spreads to other systems or files. Triggered by a predefined event, it damages system resources or displays a message on the monitor.

Front 59

Bluesnarfing

Back 59

Stealing contact lists, images and other data using Bluetooth.

Front 60

Bluebugging

Back 60

Taking control of someone else's phone to make calls, listen to calls, send text messages or read text messages.

Front 61

Worm

Back 61

Similar to a virus, but a program rather than a code segment hidden in a host program. Copies and actively transmits itself directly to other systems. It usually does not live very long but is quite destructive while alive.