Issa Cft Unit 2

Front 1

Tissue

Back 1

A collection of similar cells and their intracellular substances.

Front 2

98% of the body is composed of six elements

Back 2

*oxygen *carbon *hydrogen *nitrogen *calcium *phosphorus

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levels of organization in the human body

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*chemical level *cellular level

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All cellular components that make up a cell...

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*plasma membrane *nucleus *ribosomes *endoplasmic reticulum (ER) *Golgi Apparatus *lysosome *mitochondria

Front 5

Four types of tissues in the body

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*muscle *nervous *connective *epithelial

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Ten systems that make up the human body

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*integumentarty *skeletal *muscular *nervous *endocrine *cirulatory *cardiovascular *lymphatic *respiratory *digestive *urinary *reproductive

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Plasma Membrane

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*Outer layer of cell *made up of mostly proteins and phospholipid bilayer *transports and allow milecules to pass through *made up of fatty acids

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Phospholipid Bilayer

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Made of glycerol, two fatty acids and phosphate group. Proteins are embedded in these bilayer sheets.

Front 9

Respiratory System

Back 9

Consist of lungs and air passageways leading to and from them, including: throat, mouth, trachea, and bronchi. It supplies oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide and regulates pH balance of body.

Front 10

Components of Blood

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*Plasma *Erythrocytes *Leukocytes *platelets

Front 11

The role of the heart in training

Back 11

It helps the heart to beat less beats per minute.

Front 12

Digestive System

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Consists of digestive tract and glands that secrete digestive juices into digestive tract respnsible for the breakdown of foods and waste elimination.

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Nervous System

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Comprised of the brain and spinl cord, sense organs, and nerves. Regulates other sytems. two major parts: Central Nervous System (CNS) and Periheral Nervous system (PNS).

Front 14

Fatty Acids

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Any of a large group of monobasic acids, especially those found in animal and vegetable fats and oils.

Front 15

Triglycerides

Back 15

The storage form of fat made up of three fatty acids and a glycerol group.

Front 16

Insulin

Back 16

A polypeptide hormone functioning in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, especialy the conversion of glucose to glycogen, which lowers the blood glucose level.

Front 17

Glucose

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Principle circulating sugar in the blood and the major energy source of the body.

Front 18

Nucleus

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*Control center of cell *situated in the center of the cell *slightly darker than the surrounding cytoplasm *initiates cell division *contains DNA & RNA.

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Ribosomes

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*Small spherical organelles *made up of protein and RNA *most numerous of cell organelles (found scattered thruout cytoplasm and along other organelle surfaces, the ER) *located in cytoplasm *Function in pairs, subunits.

Front 20

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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*Forms a network of intr cellular canals with in cytoplasm *exists in two forms: Smooth ER & Rough ER

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Smooth ER

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*with out ribosomes attached *Function is less clear *site of steroid synthesis in the testes and adrenal glands

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Rough ER

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*with ribosomes attached *where proteins and other biomolecules can be made and transported thru canal to other parts cell of and outside the cell.

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Golgi Apparatus

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*consists of stacks of tiny, oblong sacs embedded in cytoplasm of cell near nucleus. *Responsible for synthesis of carb biomolecules (then combines with proteins made in the ER to form glycoproteins)

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Lysosome

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*sac like structure *size and shape change with degree of activity *contain variety of enzymes *play small roll in destroying bad bacteria within cell.

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Mitochondria

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*powerhouse of cell *small complex organeles *resemble a sausage in shape *consist of a smooth outer membrane, which surrounds an inner membrane *Where ATP is setored; which powers biologival functions *traps and stores energy in the ATP molecule

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Glycogen Granules

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Store glycogen and enzymes for glycogen breakdown and synthesis.

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Gluconeogenesis

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-chemical process that converts lactate and pyruvate back into glucose *Glucose and glycogen formation *occurs in the cytoplasm *faty acid synthesis *Activation of amino acids *glycolysis

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Glycoloysis

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The metabolic process that creates energy from the splitting of glucose to form pyruvic acid or lactic acid and ATP.

Front 29

Tissues

Back 29

Aggregation of cells bound together working to perform a common function.

Front 30

Epithelial Tissues

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*Your skin, most of bodies inner cavaties, and makes up several glands *serve to protect underlying cells from bacterial invasion, adverse chemicals or drying *function as absorbing and secreting tissues (digestive system glands) *divided into four groups according to the shape of the cells they are made up of

Front 31

Squamous Epithelium

Back 31

Tissue composed of one layer of flat cells. Is located in the linings of the mouth, esophagus and blood and lymphatic vessels.

*composed of one or more cell layers, most superficial of which is composed of flat, scalelike, or platelike cells.

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Cuboidal epithelium

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*made of cube shaped cells *found in lining of kidney tubules *consisting of one or more cell layers, most superficial of whichc is composed of cube-shaped or somewhat prismatic cells.

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columnar tissue

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*resembles column or pillar *cells widespread throughout body forming linings in degestive tract and respiratory tract. *some have small hairs; Cilia (cilia beat rhythmically and move materials out of passage)

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Glandular

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*Epithelial cells secrete mucous and hormones, like those of salivary and thymus gland *Of, relating to, affecting, or resembling a gland or its secretion.

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Connective Tissue

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*widespread throughout body *serve to connect structures and provide suppoort (muscle to bone, bone to bone) *composed of cells embedded in a non-living matrix. *consists mostly of intracellular material *consistency is soft gel, firm but flexible

Front 36

Three Fibers found in Connective Tissues

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*Collagen Fibers *Reticular Fibers *Elastic Fibers

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Collagen Fibers

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*tough and strong *major fibrous component of: sin, tendons, cartilage, ligaments, teeth *made up of: Amino acids glycine, proline, lysine, hydroxy proline, hydroxy lysine. *occurs in bundles which gives it strength.

Front 38

Reticular Fibers

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*delicate and supportive *occur in networks and supports delicate structures such as: capillaries, nerve fibers

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Elastic Fibers

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*Elastic and expendable