Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Radiogenic Dating has made it possible to
|
Date fossils and rocks ABSOLUTELY
|
|
|
Ma =
|
Millions of years
|
|
|
Time Scale data organized by
|
Oldest on bottom, most recent on top
|
|
|
Earth is ___ billion years old
|
4.5 billion
|
|
|
Fossils for dating geological strata called
|
Index Fossils
|
|
|
Every radioactive isotope has a distinct half-life:
Carbon-14 Uranium-235 |
Carbon14 - 5730
Uranium235 - 704 million years |
|
|
Atomic dates of inaccuracy:
|
After 1945
Before 40,000 years (too little C-14 remains) |
|
|
Mercury has lost most of its
|
Atmosphere
(contains hydrogen, helium) |
|
|
Venus has 96% Carbon Dioxide, 3% nitrogen, this means the atmosphere
|
has exploded toward hotness
|
|
|
Asteroid Belt is located
|
between Mars and Jupiter
|
|
|
Jupiter atmospheric elements include
|
Hydrogen, Helium and Methane
|
|
|
Europa has how many miles of _____?
|
60 miles of frozen water
|
|
|
Saturn is the ______ largest planet in the solar system?
|
Second
|
|
|
Saturn has _____ moons.
|
18
|
|
|
The ring system is roughly __________ thick.
|
500 feet
|
|
|
Robert Mallet
|
Engineer from Dublin
1830 fascinated with historical depictions of earthquakes 20 years later had 6800 EQs analyzed waves vary (563 - 1135 mph, sand to granite) |
|
|
Mallet's Isoseismal map . . .
|
showed patterns of distribution of waves on surface
|
|
|
Epicenter
|
not true source of EQ, EQ originates 6.5 miles below (called FOCUS)
|
|
|
John Milne
|
English engineer employed by Tokyo University
Founded Seismological Society of Japan 1893 developed 3-axis seismograph (EQ instrument) |
|
|
Seismograph based on
|
Pendulum concept, inertia strives to contain Pendulum. 2 orthogonal horizontal planes and one vertical required to record.
|
|
|
P waves represent _____ ground movements / S waves represent _____ ground movements.
|
vertical/lateral
|
|
|
Pwaves travel
|
faster than S waves
|
|
|
Milne pioneered the _____ technique
|
Simple Triangulation
|
|
|
Magical System of Egyptians
|
Scarabs undug the sun and brought it up out of its hole and carried the sun across the sky.
|
|
|
A New Model for the Universe
|
The universe is machine like, being made up of parts that relate to one another according to laws and principles. There is nothing about the machine that is beyond human comprehension. The priniciples that govern the machine are unchanging.
|
|
|
Science constantly _____ its systems. Magical systems _____ its systems.
|
reorganize / rarely reorganize
|
|
|
Galileo knew the sun was the center of the solar system because
|
he could see the backside of Venus often (closer to sun than Earth) while seeing the lit side of Jupiter (farther away from the sun)
|
|
|
Linus Pauling =
|
Quack
|
|
|
The Ethics of Control is
|
the debate of what means or ends Scientists should go in order to prove a theory.
|
|
|
Paul Broca
|
Founder of Anthropology, measured brain capacity of humans by brain size, through 1000s of cases theorized European males smartest in world.
|
|
|
When Heat Engines release heat
|
cold air is displaced down while heat rises
|
|
|
Will Smith
|
Not a Geologist
Initially worked with canal and drainage projects Collected fossils Able to predict rock layers without excavating |
|
|
If fossil limited to one rock layer . . .
|
one should know what each layer is. Fossil correlation enables intercontinental matching.
|
|
|
Chronostratigraphy
|
Eonothem - 4 half billions
Erathem - 10 several hundred million years System Series - ten of millions years Stage - millions of years Chronozone - smaller than millions |
|
|
Geochronology
|
Eon, Era, Period, Epoch, Age, Chron
|
|
|
How many naturally occurring elements in the world?
|
93
|
|
|
Most common carbon
|
Carbon-12
|
|
|
Number of protons determines what?
|
Which element it is.
|
|
|
Which numbers are stable/unstable?
|
12/13 stabel, 14 unstable
|
|
|
How many isotopes to be radioactive?
|
90 or more
|
|
|
WMAP Satelite discovered . . .
|
Earth roughly 13.75 billion years old.
Nuclear fusion caused Hydrogen to invent new elements. Stars have insane amount of gravity, high pressure causes 2 hydrogen type atoms to combine (mainly proton and neutron combining). |
|
|
Temperature is contingent on . . .
|
molecular motion
|
|
|
Masses of elements: Hydrogen, Methane, Water, Carbon Dioxide
|
H - 2
CH - 16 H20 - 18 Co - 44 |
|
|
Terrestrial Planets:
|
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Asteroid Belt
|
|
|
Jovian Planets
|
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, (Pluto)
|
|
|
Fast winds of Hydrogen cause
|
no heat to be allowed into the biosphere
|
|
|
name Pluton
|
a body of intrusive igneous rock crystallized from magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth.
|
|
|
Chronology of the "Geologists"
|
Will Smith (1839)
Mallett (1881) Milne (1913) Pauling (1994) |
|
|
Threshold Effect
|
environment initially changes slowly in response to a small perturbation, but after the threshold is crossed, an additional small perturbation causes rapid change.
|
|
|
Human-like ancestors existed 5 to 7 million years ago
|
'Tween Quaternary and Tertiary
|
|
|
Queen Terra
|
Quaternary
Tertiary Cretaceous Jurassic Triassic Permian Carboniferous Devonian Silurian Ordocivian Cambrian |
|
|
Isotope created by radioactivity
|
a daughter isotope
|
