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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why does the USA want to monitor the EQs of the world?
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In order to track what atomic capabilities other countries have.
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Basaltic crust covers entire earth, NOT solid but cracked into several large plates, what are the fault lines called/have?
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Ring of Fire are edges of tectonic plates.
Places of Earthquakes are places of volcanoes and mountains |
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in middle of Atlantic Ocean
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sea mountains are being created
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Why do the poles change?
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generated by the motion of molten iron alloys in the Earth's outer core AND Due to continents moving not the pole AND the sloshing of molten iron and nickel produces an electric current, and with it a magnetic force.
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Benioff Zone
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A dipping planar (flat) zone of earthquakes that is produced by the interaction of a downgoing oceanic crustal plate with a continental plate. These earthquakes can be produced by slip along the subduction thrust fault or by slip on faults within the downgoing plate as a result of bending and extension as the plate is pulled into the mantle.
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Divergent boundaries
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two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other.
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Subduction Zones
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Stable subduction zones involve an oceanic plate sliding beneath either a continental plate or another oceanic plate
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Which weighs less oceanic or continental
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Oceanic plates weigh less than continental plates so Oceanic plates pushed down
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EQ caused by
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Pushing of plates making friction to be released quickly
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Organic Belts cause
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equal forces smash together causing large mountainous regions
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How do violent steam eruptions occur?
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magma underlying the volcano came into contact with the shallow marine embayment.
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detail Mega Tsunamis City Bay Alaska (1958)
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rocks falling into sea from cliff to cause tsunami
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Define plutons
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Individual plutons are crystallized from magma that traveled toward the surface from a zone of partial melting near the base of the Earth's crust.
forms large provinces due to granitic rocks or aka Batholiths |
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Define dike
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An intrusive dike is an igneous body with a very high aspect ratio, which means that its thickness is usually much smaller than the other two dimensions.
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how many plates does Japan reside on?
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4
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Do EQs always grow gradually?
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NO
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Why did St. Helens erupt?
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Water and steam in the volcano.
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Black Swan
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tend to discount highly improbably occurrences as humans
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Atmosphere Billion Years ago
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80% Carbon Dioxide, 10% Nitrogen, 10% Water
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Atmosphere Billion Years ago
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Today: 70% Nitrogen, 20% Oxygen and <1% Carbon Dioxide
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Barometer?
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Mercury in the tube adjusts until the weight of the mercury column balances the atmospheric force exerted on the reservoir.
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Where is air concentrated?
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Atmosphere concentrated at the earth’s crust (Tip of Mt. Everest is half of the Earth’s atmosphere).
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Pollutant % breakdown.
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49% of pollution from transportation, Pain drying 13%, 28% fuel factories
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And what are these gases?
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50% of pollutants are carbon monoxide, 18% sulfur oxides, 16% Nitrogen oxides, 5% Particulants, 15% Volatiles
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Which more dangerous CO2 or Sulfur?
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Sulfur less dangerous and comes mainly from vehicles.
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What region of USA experiences acid rain?
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The Appalachian Mountains due to being down wind of large power plants in midwest.
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How much solar energy reaches Earth's crust.
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47%
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Why is there winter?
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Solar Energy traveling straight to Earth’s crust is the most powerful heat source. Solar Energy traveling in an angular manner means there is less heat per unit area. NOT THE DISTANCE TO THE SUN
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How many calories of energy to turn 1 gram of water to steam?
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540 calories of energy
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How many calories of energy to turn 1 gram of water to ice?
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80 calories
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Behavior of clouds and the benefits of them.
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Clouds reduce energy during daytime, clouds trap heat at night. Without clouds at night the heat radiation causes atmosphere to get colder faster
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Rain Shadowing?
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Lack of rain due to mountains usually.
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Orographic Lifting?
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Monsoons due to air being forced to climb in altitude causing the crunch of air to become humid.
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Prairies in Mid-America?
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Updraft wind from the Gulf of Mexico rains down on the center of America.
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When do most thunderstorms and tornadoes occur?
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In the summer.
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Water from liquid to vapor?
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Clouds begin to form and heat energy is going to cause the temperature to go up
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What capabilities does ground heat have when thunderstorms come?
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Can push clouds up along with the thunderstorms own driving force up.
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Who is Mercalli?
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Made first system for EQs.
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More about lapse rate:
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The reason for the difference between the dry and moist adiabatic lapse rate values is that latent heat is released when water condenses, thus decreasing the rate of temperature drop as altitude increases.
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Where does wind come from in MI?
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Southwest.
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Where does wind come from in Southern Hemisphere?
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In northwest.
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Is the water of the Great Lakes colder or wamer than the landmasses surrounding it?
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Warmer.
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Polar satellites give better pics where earth bends or no?
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Yes
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Where are all Geostationary Satellites located?
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On the Equator.
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How far away are Geostationary Satellites from surface?
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22k and has TV Satellites there.
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When the Tsunami reaches land what happens?
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Its cyclonic properties diminish quickly.
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How far is the Continental Shelf from Land?
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600 feet.
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Deepest ocean trench
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11,000
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Spring Tide
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Lunar and Solar influence the sea level for drastic changes in tide when aligned together
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Neap Tide
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Lunar and Solar are not working together
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Thermocline
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temperature drops dramatically with depth in the sea. At poles thermocline (involving warm water) disappears
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Detail the Salinity of the world
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High salt in Mexican oceans. Low salt in California Ocean. Lowest salt in North Pole .General tendency for water to move northward
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Why did Temple of Serapis sink?
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rapid thinning of underlying continental crust as it approaches the junction with oceanic crust.
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Kelvin and those who attempt to disprove him
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Kelvin still disproves Darwin because radioactivity can supposedly only account for sixty percent of Earth's internal heat. Kelvin's entire method was based on assumptions that Earth is a closed system, is uniformly hot throughout, is made of the same material throughout, and is completely solid. Every one of those assumptions has proven to be wrong.
Kelvin looking for the incredible force to explain the history of earth and many believe that is radioactivity which disproves Kelvin, but this is not why Kelvin was wrong. |
