Islamic History

Front 1

What is the discussion of the practical application of reason centered on one particular method that Islam scholars called_____?

Back 1

Qiyas

Front 2

What is the normative example of the Prophet?

Back 2

the Sunna

Front 3

Where can the definitive answers to moral and legal question be found?

Back 3

the Quran and the Sunna

Front 4

The process of seeking to understand God's law was called?

Back 4

fiqh

Front 5

Scholars who engaged in the process of seeking to understand God's law were called what?

Back 5

fuqaha

Front 6

What is the sum of all God's rulings on human actions?

Back 6

Sharia

Front 7

What are the schools of law termed as?

Back 7

madhhabs

Front 8

What were the four major groupings of Sunni legal scholars called?

Back 8

Hanafi
Maliki
Shafii
Hanabali

Front 9

Which school of Islamic law was associated with the city of Kufa; allowing higher juristic flexibility through personal judgement;Abu Yusuf and al-Shaybani;Central Asia, Turkey, Cair, Nile Delta in Egypt, and Indian subcontinent

Back 9

Hanafi(Abu Hanifa)

Front 10

Which school of Islamic law was associated with acceptance of practice of the people of Medina;Muwatta, attributed to Malik;Mudawwana of Sahnun;North African, Upper Egypty

Back 10

Maliki(Malik ibn Anas)

Front 11

Which school of Islamic law was associated with Islamic legal theory, similar to Maliki law; Malaysia, Indonesia, southern Arabia, East Africa, and parts of Upper Egypt

Back 11

Shafi i

Front 12

Which school of Islamic law was associated with emphasis on hadith and sometimes considered a grouping of traditionists;Ibn Taymiyya;opposition to taqlid;insistence on going back to Quran and Sunna;official and dominant madhhab in Saudi Arabia

Back 12

Hanbali

Front 13

What is the office of judge handing down legal decisions called?

Back 13

qadi

Front 14

Recommended acts are called?

Back 14

mandub

Front 15

Discouraged acts are called?

Back 15

makruh

Front 16

Legal rulings or practical questions?

Back 16

fatwas

Front 17

Not an individual but a collective enterprise?

Back 17

Fiqh

Front 18

Consensus or community decisively in favor?

Back 18

Ijma

Hint 18

Muslims could not all be wrong at the same time

Front 19

Branch of scholarship, the study of the roots of jurisprudence was called?

Back 19

Usul al-Fiqh

Front 20

What were the sources and principles of Islamic Law? 9

Back 20

Quran
Sunna
Qiyas
Ijma
Ijithad
Taqlid
Istihan
Istislah
Darura

Front 21

Sources or principle of Islamic law that is the basic source for knowledge of divine commands?

Back 21

Quran

Front 22

Sources or principle of Islamic law that is the most important material source of law; words and action of Mhmd.; contained and transmitted in hadith literature?

Back 22

Sunna

Front 23

Sources or principle of Islamic law that is a means of applying a known command from the two basic sources to a new circumstance by means of anlalogical reasoning;rationale of command is known;similar cases can be judged according to the same rationale

Back 23

Qiyas

Front 24

Sources or principle of Islamic law that is the consensus of Muslims on a point of law?

Back 24

Ijma

Front 25

Sources or principle of Islamic law that is the toil or effort by a scholar in seeking to discover the intent of the Lawgiver on a given point of law;not a source;reference to the process by which the law is elaborated

Back 25

Ijithad

Hint 25

sometimes called Qiyas

Front 26

Jurists qualified to excercise ijtihad?

Back 26

mujtahid

Front 27

Sources or principle of Islamic law that is adherence to authoritative precedent;limited to application of established rulings;everyone not a genius?

Back 27

Taqlid

Front 28

Sources or principle of Islamic law that is the application of the jurist's personal judgement allowing him to depart from strict application of qiyas;defended by Hanafi;criticized by al-Shafii's

Back 28

Istihsan

Front 29

Sources or principle of Islamic law that is the overruling of strict application on the baisis of considerations of the public good?

Back 29

Istislah

Front 30

Sources or principle of Islamic law that is the pricnciple of necessity according to an established rule of law; suspended in dire circumstances?

Back 30

Darura

Front 31

Sources of Law?

Back 31

Usul al-Fiqh

Front 32

What is a method of conveying the Sunna; story that tells how the prophet recacted in certain situations?

Back 32

Hadith

Front 33

Chaining of authorities who authenticate hadith;gives series of lengths leading back to eyewitness reports?

Back 33

Isnad

Front 34

What was the biographical literature regarding people in Isnad called?

Back 34

Tabaqat Literature

Front 35

Persons having knowledge relating to religion?

Back 35

Ulama (Sing. Alim)

Front 36

Who was the author of the hadiths?

Back 36

Al-Bukhari

Front 37

Pre-Islamic Arabia mediator or judge helping or resolving a dispute?

Back 37

Hakam

Front 38

Consultant to judge, renders advice to judge?

Back 38

Mufti

Front 39

Rememberance, could involve repeated recitation of prayers; could have dance and music; ritual used by Suffis to detach themselves from material world;becoming more at one with God

Back 39

dhikr

Front 40

Suffi order?

Back 40

tariqa

Front 41

Leader of tariqa;spiritual guide?

Back 41

shaikh/pir/murshid

Front 42

Place to meet people of the order?

Back 42

Zawiyya

Front 43

Poor?

Back 43

faqir

Front 44

Brother?

Back 44

Ikhwan

Front 45

What is the reform for Islam by going back to early Islamic Principles termed?

Back 45

Salifiyya Movement

Front 46

Supervision by the Leauge of Nations, ensuring World War and Peace?

Back 46

Mandate System

Front 47

Period of administrative reform?

Back 47

Tanzimat Era