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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fastest growing religion in the world and the second largest religion
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Islam
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Definition of Islam
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means submission to the will of God and obedience to His law
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4 Basic elements of Islam
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Qur'an, Muhammad, teachings from Qur'an and Muhammad's life, the community (Umma)
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Qur'an (Koran)
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Earthly center of Islam; primary sacred text, 4/5th the size of the NT, divided into 114 surahs (chapters), written in Arabic, direct words of Allah, means recitation or reading, poetic, calligraphy
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Most memorized book
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Qur'an
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The Prophet Muhammad
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"jewel among stones", born 570 CE, in Mecca, Arabia; married Khadija, meditates in cave
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Is Islam monotheistic or polytheistic?
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Monotheistic
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The Prophet Muhammad and Gabriel
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"While meditating in a cave, Gabriel appeared to him in a dream and commanded him to recite!" 610 CE known as the Night of Power and Excellence.
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This event began Muhammad's career as a prophet
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Night of Power and Excellence (Gabriel)
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For how long did Muhammad receive recitations in the Qur'an until his death in 632 CE?
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22 years
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True or False : Many citizens of Mecca were hostile to Muhammad's message
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True
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where did Muhammad and his followers emigrate to?
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Northward to Yathrib (Medina, meaning city of the prophet).
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What is the emigration to Yathrib known as?
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Hijra (AH)
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1622 CE is 1000 AH
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Muslim dating system
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True or False: Most of Arabia converted to Islam by Muhammad's death
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True
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Comprised of Muhammad's own teachings
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Sunnah (custom of the Prophet), second most important authority for Islam
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Provide the link between Allah and human history
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Prophets
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Abraham
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Father of the Arab people
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Human Nature
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essentionally good and occurs whe people forget their basic goodness; natural world is considered good
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Islam's Central teachings
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Allah, Prophets, Human Nature and Destiny
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Allah
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Transcendent and personal, 99 names, genderless to prevent the limits of human nature
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Prophets
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divine is revealed through them, Abraham, Moses, Jesus Christ, Muhammad
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Abraham
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Gave prophecy of one God; father of Arab people
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Moses
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Prophecy; pronounced Allah's ethical laws, Ten Commandments
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Jesus Christ
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Prophecy; golden rule, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you"
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Muhammad
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Prophecy: The Qur'an and revelation of Allah's will to humanity
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Human nature and destiny
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Human nature is essentially good; forgetfulness can lead to sin; Qur'an needed to guide humans; reward for righteous is Paradise, evildoers is Hell
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Day of Judgement
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a. Mahdi (savior figure) will restore Islamd and bring order to the world
b. Jesis will return to Jerusalem and usher in Day of Judgement c. Stand before Allah for destiny to be known |
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Shahadah
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Confession of Faith; brief prayer calling for oneness of God; children memorize ; "There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God"
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Shahadah
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"There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God"
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Salat
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Prayer, face Saudia Arabia
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5 times for prayer
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Dawn, Noon, Afternoon, Sunset, Evening
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Mihrab
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Key/doorway, niche in mosque in direction of Mecca
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Wudu
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Ritual washing; lay clean in the direction of Mecca on a special rug
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Imam
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Prayer leader, conducts Friday's public prayers with a sermon
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Minaret
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Call to prayer from atop the mosque
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Do women go to mosques?
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Yes they can pray behind men or at home
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Zakat
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Almsgiving; give poor and sick 2.5% of income, not regulated by government, important religious duty
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Holy day of obligation
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Friday, especially at noon
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Sawm
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Fast/Ramadan
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Ramadan
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9th month of Islamic calendar, no food, drink or sexual intercourse after sunrise to sunset (after sunset only light snack allowed, but not water)
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Fast
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Time of purification and religious devotion; no alcohol, tobacco, elderly and children exempt; big feast at the end
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Festival of Eid-al-Fitr
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End of Ramadan, attend morning prayer, 3 day holiday (presents shared, give money to less fortunate, similar to Christmas)
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Hajj
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Pilgrimage
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Hajj
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Pilgrimage to Mecca expected to be made at least once in lifetime; guidelines must be followed; Allah forgives sins of those who make the journey with reverence, any pilgrim who dies on the journey to or from Mecca is a martyr and enters Paradise
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Men at Hajj
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Must change into a robe as soon as they enter Saudia Arabia
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Women at Hajj
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Cover completely; must have hijab on
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Eleven day pilgrimage to Mecca
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-Walk counter-clockwise seven times around the Ka'bah, kissing and touching it. Say, "God is the greatest"
-run seven times between hills of As-Safa and Al-Marmah, spend night in Mina -Meet at the Plains of Arafat -Climb Mount of Mercy -Return to Mina and stone 3 pillars -Tenth day; animal sacrifice -Go back to Mecca and walk seven times counterclockwise around Ka'bah |
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2nd event at Hajj
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Walk between hills of As-Safa and Al-Marmah, 7 times to symbolize Hagar's search for water and the miracle of the well of Zamzam
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3rd event at Hajj
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Plains of arafat, from noon to sunset, pray quietly
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4th event of Hajj
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Climb Mount of Mercy and ask for forgiveness; spent night at Muzdalifah
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5th event at Hajj
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"Stone Devil", gather pebbles and throw at 3 pillars (47-80 stones), represent abraham throwing stones at Devil who disturbed his prayer
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6th event at Hajj
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Animal sacrifice of sheep or camel (1 sheep per person or 7 to a camel)
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Early Life
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Child born free of sin; Adham ceremony; father or elder male whispers the Call of Prayer in child's right ear and the Command to Rise and Worship in the left ear
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Aqiqah
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Name giving ceremony 1-7 days after birth, some names recommended by Muhammad, cut or shave head of child, give its weight in silver or currency to poor; sacrifice goat or sheep, 1/3 goes to the poor, curcumcision (Khitan)
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Marriage
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Contract; produce family to please Allah; no official must be present but 2 Muslims must be present to witness marriage; Polygamy
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Polygamy
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person (male) is married to more than one person at the same time; males can marry up to 4 wives (sigh of tolerance and understanding for women to share husband)
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Divorce
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Last resort; humiliating to families; either party may ask for divorce, can marry again
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Death
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Approached with hope not fear; burial should take place on same day of death; no autopsy; belief that dead is visited by two angels who question the person; those who earned it go to Paradise, those who disobeyed will go to hell
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Ramadan
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fast during daylight hours, if fast is broken, must start over; very old/youg, sick, and pregnant women excluded; fasting teaches patience and will power; achieve equality; live pure lives; ends with Eid-ul-Fitr
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Eid-ul-Fitr
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10th month of islamic year; gather with family and give gifts, cards and presents (similar to Christian for christians), give to poor, gather family for celebration
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History of Islam
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Muhammad taught that fighting was wrong; Muslims travelled in 4 directions, ruled over Spain, EAstern Europe, India, Africa, Asia; Islam spread by traders; well known for leading good lifes
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Sacred Writings/Qur'an
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"The words of Allah"; means Recite; Angel Gabriel revealed it to Muhammad and he memorized it and shared it; believe that words should never change; believe in the Bible but humans altered it
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Islam in the Home
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Religion affects everything they do; mother teaches kids; pictures are high on wall with no people; families read Qur'an together, placed on highest furniture in room; eat Halal foods; Haram foods are forbidden; alcohol is forbidden
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Halal foods
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Specially killed (blood drained, prayers, wrong to harm anything Allah created); fish, fruit, grain, vegetables, or animals killed in special way are allowed
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Haram foods
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Forbidden foods; animals that were carnivores; pigs
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Muslims in Canada
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Came to Canada in mid 19th century for gold rush, CPR, farming; after WWII, Muslim pop. grew; skilled workers; greater interest by the masses; studies at university; try to remove discrimination
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Muslim Women
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Men and women are equal in eyes of Allah (said by Muhammad); man's job to earn living, women take care of home; expected to follow same laws as men in religion, pray at home or mosque; pray behind men or in separate room; arranged marriages; must cover arms and legs; wear hijab
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The groups of Islam
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Sunni, Shi'ar, Sufi
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Sunni
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85% of pop; "well trodden path"; came into existence after death of prophet; wanting consensus within community in order to arrive at just and equitable solution
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Shi'ar
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party of Allah; believe that Muhammad chose son in law, Ali, as his successor and after his death will take charge of Islam and guide
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Sufi
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Goal is to develop spiritually both inwardly and outwardly to know God; emphasis on sincerity and excellence performing prayers and meditation; use music, chants, and dancing
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Jihad
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"Exertion or struggle"; all aspects of Islam life, personal/social; preservation of Allah for the world; refers to holy war
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Symbols in Islam
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Art in the form of symbols (should not imitate God's creations especially in place of worship, therefore can't draw)
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Star and crescent moon
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Tribute to Diana, Goddess of the hunt;
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Constantine
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Mary, mother of Jesus
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Green color
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Favourite color of Muhammad; Mecca birthplace of the prophet
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Islamic Art
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Muhammad told people not to draw so they don't worship pictures; draw flowers, plants, lines, calligraphy; rugs, cushions, weave cloth with imperfection (only Allah can make perfections)
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Care of the Body
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Body belongs to God; celebrate physical joy, control desires; keep body clean as part of prayer (5x a day); clothing not seductive; perfume; diet regulated by Sheri'ah; sexuality enjoyed within marriage
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Marriage and Sexuality
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Sexuality enjoyed within marriage; premarital and extramarital sex, lustful thoughts, homosexuality, and prostitution forbidden; urged to marry asap; marriages arranged
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