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57 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Abbasids

classical Muslim dynasty ruling from Baghdad from 8th to 13th century

Abu Bakr

Close friend of Muhammad and first caliph


al-Ghazali


Great thinker who synthesized orthodox Islamic though and Sufism

'Ali

Nephew of Muhammad and 4th Caliph; considered by Shi'ites to be first successor (imam) of Muhammad

Caliph

Deputy or successor to Muhammad

Dar al-harb

Abode of war

Dar al-islam

Abode of Islam

da'wah

Missionary activities directed toward spreading Islam

Dhikr

Remembrance; spiritual exercises in Sufism focusing the consciousness on God

Five Pillars

required Muslim rituals of serving God

Hadith

Report about life of Muhammad

Hagar

Servant of Abraham's wife Sarah, gave birth to Ishmael

Hajj

Annual pilgrimage to Mecca; one of five pillars

haram

Forbidden, such as food or activities

Hidden imam

In Shi'ism, the last Imam who disappeared and will return in the future

Hijra

Emigration of Muhammah from Mecca to Medina

Husayn

Son of 'Ali; considered by Shi'ites as an Imam and great Martyr

'id

Feast or festival in Islam

Ihram

State of ritual purity and consecration appropriate for entering sacred precincts of Mecca on the Hajj

ijma'

Consensus; for formulating Muslim law, consensus among the legal scholars is required

ijtihad

independent legal reasoning in Islam; one who does this is a mujtahid

imam

Islamic scholar and leader; for Shi'ites, the true successors to Muhammad

iman

"faith"; complete certitude about the truth of Islam

Ishmael

Son of Abraham to Hagar

isnad

The chain of transmitters for a particular Hadith

Jihad

Striving for religious perfection and for God's cause sometimes including bearing arms in defense of Islam

Ka'bah

The cube shaped stone shrine in the Great Mosque in Mecca; focal point of prayer and pilgrimage for Muslims.

kafir

An unbeliever

Khadija

The first wife of Muhammad

Kharijites

Seceders; strict moralistic sect of early islam


mihrab

niche in the mosque wall indicating the direction to Mecca

minbar

pulpit from which the prayer is given in a mosque on Friday

muezzin

person who calls people to ritual prayer; chanting out the call from atop a minaret or mosque roof

Mughal

Muslim dynasty established by Mongols in India


Mulla

learned Muslim teacher and expounder of the law

Mu'tazilites

school in the classical period that accepted reason as a primary criterion for establishing belief

Ottoman

Caliphate ruling from Istanbul from 16th to 20th century

Qiyas

analogy in legal argumentation and decision making in Islam

Ramadan

sacred month in which Muslims perform the fast

Safavid

Muslim dynasty in Iran beginning in the 16th century ruled by the shahs

Salat

required Muslim ritual of prayer five times a day; one of the five pillars

Sawm

required Muslim fasting during month of Ramadan

Shahadah

bearing witness to unity of God; there is no God but God

Shi'ites

the faction of 'Ali that believes he and his descendents are the true successors to Muhammad

Shirk

association; the great sin of associating something else with God

Sufi

One who follows the mystical path of Islam

Sunnah

Custom or way of acting; the Hadiths are Muhammads sunnah

Sunnites

those who acknowledge the first four caliphs

Tawhid

Muslim term for maintaining unity of God

Twelvers

the largest group within Shi'ites; believe there were 12 imams

'ulama

The class of legal scholars who study and apply religious sciences

'Umar

the second caliph

Umayyad

dynasty ruling Islam from Damascus from 661 to 750

ummah

community of Muslims

'Uthman

the third caliph

Wahhabi

strict reform movement founded in Arabia in the 18th century

Zakat

the required Muslim practice of alms-giving or wealth-sharing; five pillars