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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Abbasids |
classical Muslim dynasty ruling from Baghdad from 8th to 13th century |
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Abu Bakr |
Close friend of Muhammad and first caliph |
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al-Ghazali |
Great thinker who synthesized orthodox Islamic though and Sufism |
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'Ali |
Nephew of Muhammad and 4th Caliph; considered by Shi'ites to be first successor (imam) of Muhammad |
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Caliph |
Deputy or successor to Muhammad |
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Dar al-harb |
Abode of war |
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Dar al-islam |
Abode of Islam |
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da'wah |
Missionary activities directed toward spreading Islam |
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Dhikr |
Remembrance; spiritual exercises in Sufism focusing the consciousness on God |
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Five Pillars |
required Muslim rituals of serving God |
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Hadith |
Report about life of Muhammad |
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Hagar |
Servant of Abraham's wife Sarah, gave birth to Ishmael |
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Hajj |
Annual pilgrimage to Mecca; one of five pillars |
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haram |
Forbidden, such as food or activities |
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Hidden imam |
In Shi'ism, the last Imam who disappeared and will return in the future |
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Hijra |
Emigration of Muhammah from Mecca to Medina |
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Husayn |
Son of 'Ali; considered by Shi'ites as an Imam and great Martyr |
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'id |
Feast or festival in Islam |
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Ihram |
State of ritual purity and consecration appropriate for entering sacred precincts of Mecca on the Hajj |
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ijma' |
Consensus; for formulating Muslim law, consensus among the legal scholars is required |
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ijtihad |
independent legal reasoning in Islam; one who does this is a mujtahid |
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imam |
Islamic scholar and leader; for Shi'ites, the true successors to Muhammad |
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iman |
"faith"; complete certitude about the truth of Islam |
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Ishmael |
Son of Abraham to Hagar |
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isnad |
The chain of transmitters for a particular Hadith |
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Jihad |
Striving for religious perfection and for God's cause sometimes including bearing arms in defense of Islam |
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Ka'bah |
The cube shaped stone shrine in the Great Mosque in Mecca; focal point of prayer and pilgrimage for Muslims. |
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kafir |
An unbeliever |
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Khadija |
The first wife of Muhammad |
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Kharijites |
Seceders; strict moralistic sect of early islam
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mihrab |
niche in the mosque wall indicating the direction to Mecca |
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minbar |
pulpit from which the prayer is given in a mosque on Friday |
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muezzin |
person who calls people to ritual prayer; chanting out the call from atop a minaret or mosque roof |
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Mughal |
Muslim dynasty established by Mongols in India |
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Mulla |
learned Muslim teacher and expounder of the law |
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Mu'tazilites |
school in the classical period that accepted reason as a primary criterion for establishing belief |
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Ottoman |
Caliphate ruling from Istanbul from 16th to 20th century |
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Qiyas |
analogy in legal argumentation and decision making in Islam |
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Ramadan |
sacred month in which Muslims perform the fast |
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Safavid |
Muslim dynasty in Iran beginning in the 16th century ruled by the shahs |
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Salat |
required Muslim ritual of prayer five times a day; one of the five pillars |
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Sawm |
required Muslim fasting during month of Ramadan |
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Shahadah |
bearing witness to unity of God; there is no God but God |
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Shi'ites |
the faction of 'Ali that believes he and his descendents are the true successors to Muhammad |
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Shirk |
association; the great sin of associating something else with God |
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Sufi |
One who follows the mystical path of Islam |
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Sunnah |
Custom or way of acting; the Hadiths are Muhammads sunnah |
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Sunnites |
those who acknowledge the first four caliphs |
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Tawhid |
Muslim term for maintaining unity of God |
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Twelvers |
the largest group within Shi'ites; believe there were 12 imams |
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'ulama |
The class of legal scholars who study and apply religious sciences |
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'Umar |
the second caliph |
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Umayyad |
dynasty ruling Islam from Damascus from 661 to 750 |
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ummah |
community of Muslims |
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'Uthman |
the third caliph |
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Wahhabi |
strict reform movement founded in Arabia in the 18th century |
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Zakat |
the required Muslim practice of alms-giving or wealth-sharing; five pillars |