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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 pillars |
Declaration of faith Must pray 5 times a day Alms giving- charity to the poor Fasting during the holy month of ramadan Go to mecca at least once in your lifetime |
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Islamic law - Hadith |
Report of the sayings, deeds, and approvals of Mohammed. |
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Islamic law - Sharia |
Writing by Mohammed's followers about his life. Used to form Sharia law - which governed many facets of life including economic, |
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Role of women |
Islam considered men and women spiritually equal. Women also had greater protection under Islamic law. Lower class women had more freedom than upper class women. |
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Three Holiest Cities |
Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem |
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Sects of Islam - Sunni |
Leaders of Muhammad's successors chosen from Muslim community. Followed Abu Bakr, an effective leader. Sunnis have been the majority historically. (Saudi Arabia - Iraq) |
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Sects of Islam - Shia (Shiites) |
Successors to the profit should only be decsendants of Muhammad (Iran) |
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Sufi |
Muslim mystics who seek communion with Ala through fasting, chanting, and life of poverty. |
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Upper Class |
1. Muslim by birth. 2. Converts to Islam 3. Non-muslim's - people of the book Christians, Jews...Slavery existed to non-Muslims |
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Architecture |
Influenced by Persians, Turkish, and Arabic's. |
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Literature |
Arabian Nights |
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House of Wisdom |
Scholars translated works from other piece's. |
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Law of art |
Islamic law forbids use of images in religious art. |
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Arabic Empire |
Caliph successor to the profit. Abu Baker elected as first Caliph begins series of military conquests. |
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Why is Islam successful? |
Faith was the uniting force, Byzantine and Persian empire had grown weak due to constant warfare. Arms well trained and commended. |
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Treatment of Conquered People |
Treated well as long as they paid taxes. |
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Umayyed Dynasty |
Established hereditary system of succession. |
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Weakness - decline of Islam |
Became distracted by wealth and ceremonies. Shia vs. Sunni |
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Abbasib Dynasty |
Established Baghdad as capital. |
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Who were the Turks? |
Nomadic herders who conquered Abbasib. |
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Turks Religion |
Converted to Islam |
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Turks strength |
Strong Military schools. |
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Turks Children |
Children were bought and raised to slavery, trained as soldiers and employed as body guards. |
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Turks Self Image |
Saw themselves as Ghazis-warriors for Islam. |
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Seljuk Turks |
Group of Turks seized control. Established a dynasty on Anatolia Peninsula. |
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Mamelukes |
Military slaves became more powerful than Arab Caliphs. |
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Ottomans Original leader |
Turk - Osman Gazi - most successful leader (followers known as Ottomans) |
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Ottoman Military |
Gun powder and cannons and musket carrying foot soldiers. |
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Sultans were who and did what? |
Overlords who conquered and unified all Turks under Islam. |
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Mehmet II |
Sultan who captured constant Constantinople. |
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Suleiman the Magnificent |
Ruled during height of Ottoman Empire (1500's). Also given title Law Maker bc he established a unified code of law. |
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Devshrime System |
Christian boys educated and put into military or government. |
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Ottoman expansion |
Africa, Hungary, Austria, but stopped at Vienna. |
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Ottoman Decline |
Corruption, power struggles and weakened empire will continue to WWI. |
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Safavids |
Founded a Shia empire- claimed descendants from Muhammad. (Iran) |
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Abbas the Great |
He was the most famous emperor of Safavids: established trade with Europe and Asia. He only promoted officials who were competent and loyal. He blended Ottoman, Persian, and Arab cultures. |
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Safavids Decline |
Weak successors - Abbas's son was a cruel ruler who murdered most of his generals and many of his relatives. |
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Mughals |
Emerged in India after years of warfare between Hindus and Muslims over regions. |
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Mughals Establishment |
Founded by an 11 yr old boy ~ Grandson Akbar brought a Golden Age and ruled with wisdom and tolerance. |
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Mughal Achievements |
Culture, art, literature, and architecture flourished Shah Jahad built Tajmahal for his dead wife. Taxed people of building projects. |
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Primary economic source |
Successful agriculture |
