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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Large Subunit
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One of two subunits that make up a single ribosome; 60S. Consists of rRNA and protein.
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Small Subunit
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One of two subunits that make up a single ribosome; 40S. Consists of rRNA and protein.
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Aminoacyl tRNA
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Add each amino acid in the correct sequence to the carboxyl terminal end of the nascent polypeptide exiting a ribosome.
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Elongation Factors
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EF-Tu in prokaryotes, eEF1 & eEF2 in eukaryotes. GTP to GDP hydrolysis of these factors cause dissociation from tRNA and allows them to participate in chain elongation.
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Signal Peptide
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Cleavage of this by signal peptidase releases the mature protein into the lumen of the ER.
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Signal Recognition Particle (SRP)
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Recognizes the ER signal sequence and guides the mRNA/ribosome complex to the ER so that the protein can be properly injected into the ER lumen.
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Sec61
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This complex is embedded in the ER membrane. The protein that associates with SRP causes the newly synthesized protein to be injected through this complex.
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Glycosylation
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Major biological function of the ER. In N-linked, 14 unit sugar attached to an Asn residue. These tags are used to mark the state of protein folding.
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Glycoprotein
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Proteins with one or more oligosaccharide chains, often tissue-specific. Important in cell-substrate adhesion, cell motility, induction and differentiation. Transported from the rough ER to the cis Golgi network by small transport vesicles formed by pinching off of the rough ER
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Exocytosis
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Fusion of secretory granule membrane with the plasma membrane results in the release of contents.
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Glycosaminoglycans
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Long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of a repeating disaccharide unit. Form an important part of connective tissues.
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Constitutive Secretion
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Vesicles move directly to the plasma membrane; not in response to any specific signal.
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Regulated Secretion
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Sorted into secretory granules. Retained until released in response to a signal, such as a hormone, acting on a cell.
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Condensing Vacuoles
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Refer to the immature vesicles that, in many cells, hold secretory proteins and glycoproteins. These vesicles arise from the trans Golgi network.
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