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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the "Temple" of Serapis in Pozzuoli, Italy?
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-showed atleast some point sea-level had gone up and down
-history has many processes, meaning the earth is old |
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What kind of organisms are most likely to survive and breed?
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organisms best adapted to the environments in which they occur
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What can change the mix of traits in a population?
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If the environments change
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What is "deep time" and who proposed it?
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-"We find no vestige of a beginning or end"
-means can't find rocks from the "very" beginning -James Hutton |
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Where did Darwin get his first contact with diversity?
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In the tropics
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Where did Darwin's first real eye opener occur for diversity?
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Galapagos Islands
(Peruvian Iguanas, own turtles, finches) |
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How did Darwin end up on the Beagle?
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-FitzRoy approached Henslow for a companion and Henslow suggested Darwin
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What did the Evolutionary Option propose or "doubt" about evolution?
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-no time
-no viable mechanism |
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Who proposed the Evolutionary Option?
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Jean- Baptiste Lamarck
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What is the single most reason why change occurs?
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Natural selection
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What are some examples of natural variation in populations?
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*mutations and genetic recombination
-copy errors -post-copy damage (radiation,chemicals) *conscious selection of parents and progeny *change of population |
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How many different finches did Darwin find on the Galapagos Islands?
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-13
-would send all his findings to specialists |
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Who did Darwin get a boost about evolution and what was it called?
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-Charles Lyell
- his book called "Principles of Geology", given to him by Henslow |
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What book established the foundations of modern geology?
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Principles of Geology
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What conclusion did Darwin come to about the theory on the age of earth?
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in order for the earth to change you need time
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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
1744-1829 |
-French naturalist
-his concept of evolution was all species are descended from other species |
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What did Lamarck mistaken in his findings? and why was it challenged?
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-he assumed that new structures in an organism apperar because of a "inner want"
-no way to prove by experimentation |
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What kind of animals did Lamarck wrongly propose about?
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-Giraffes aquired longer necks by stretching to reach leaves
-snakes evolved from lizzards that had a strong preference to slither |
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Charles Darwin
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-first to propose a hypothesis with convincing evidence
-wrote "On the Origin of Species is 1859 |
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Natural Selection
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-proposed by Darwin and Wallace
-singular most reason why change occurs -individuals with variations that are most favorable for survival and reproduction in a given environment can survive and reproduce |
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Why did Darwin praise Lamarck?
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for perceiving that the descendants of formers creatures have undergone biological change and are different from their ancestors
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What concepts did Darwin and Wallace come to understand about natural selection after years of careful data collection
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-more organisms are born than they survive
-always variation among offspring -competition for resources |
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What weakness did Darwin's Theory encounter?
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did not explain the reason/cause of variation in plants and animals
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Rev. J.S. Henslow
1796-1861 |
-Cambridge Professor-theology& botany
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Captain Robert FitzRoy
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H.M.S. Beagle
-a voyage of exploration |
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Charles Lyell
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-english geologist
-wrote "Principles of Geology" which expanded on Hutton's ideas |
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What are some of Lyell's principles of stratigraphy?
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-cross-cutting relationships
-fragments within larger rock masses are older than the rock masses in which they are enclosed(ex:rock containing fragments is younger) |
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Cross- Cutting Relationships
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the feature that is cut is older than the feature that does the cutting
(ex: fossils in rocks) |
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Inclusions
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fragments that appear in another rock
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Principles of Geology
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-attempt to explain the former changes of the Earth's surface,by reference to causes in operation
-extended work of Hutton -age of earth |
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James Hutton
1726-1797 |
-saw the natural processes of the past were the same as today
-Edinburgh physician and geologist -"We find no vestige of a beinning or end" -saw earth everchanging where new things arise slowly but continue to balance their loss |
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What book did Darwin receive before his voyage?
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by Charles Lyell "Principles of Geology"
-FitzRoy told Darwin not to pay attention to the theory of the age of earth |
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What theories about similiarity did Darwin conclude from the "Principles of Geology"
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in order for the earth to change you need time
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Uniformamitarianism
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earth's history depends on the earth today by oberserving the events that happend
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What geologic processes did Huton experiment with?
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-how waves wash onto the shore
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What was Hutton "famous for" about the positioning of rocks?
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Uniconformity, but he had not discovered how to correlate different locations with age
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Thomas Malthus
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-wrote "Essay on Population"
- as geometric population growth and arithmetic resource increase WAR,FAMINE,AND STRIFE, can occur if not maintained |
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Why was Darwin reluctant to publish his findings on natural selection?
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-confided in Lyell and J.Hooker and they credited Darwin before anybody else
-naturalists didnt believe Darwin because he didnt know the cause of variation - |
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Russel Wallace
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-wrote manuscript on his own ideas about natural selection(had no experiments)
-sent Darwin his findings of the basic concepts of natural selection |
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What was R. Wallace's writings about his work in Malay about?
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problems explaining distributions along the island change
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