Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define information systems analysis and design
|
organizational process companys use to develope and maintain computer based information systems. An organizational improvment process.
|
|
|
Application Software
|
Computer software designed to support organizational functions or processes
|
|
|
Systems Analyst
|
Organizational role most responsible for analysis and design of information systems
|
|
|
4GL, CASE tools, object oriented methods
|
4th generation programming languages, Computer-aided software engineering tools,
|
|
|
tps
|
transaction processing systems
-Automate handling of data about business activities (transactions) -Process orientation |
|
|
Describe the different types of information systems
|
-Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
-Management Information Systems (MIS) -Decision Support Systems (DSS) |
|
|
MIS
|
-Management Information Systems
-Converts raw data from transaction processing system into meaningful form -Data orientation |
|
|
DSS
|
-Decision Support Systems
-Designed to help decision makers -Provides interactive environment for decision making -Involves data warehouses, executive information systems (EIS) -Database, model base, user dialogue |
|
|
information systems
|
people, data, processes, communications and information technology (computer technology [hardware, software] and telecomunnications technology [dta,image,voice networks])
-That interact to support and improve day to day operations (problem-solving and decision-making needs) ina business |
|
|
is 5 components
|
people data processes It comunitcations
|
|
|
it 2 components
|
computers network
|
|
|
computers
|
software and hardware
|
|
|
another is definition
|
didn;t get
|
|
|
stakeholders
|
person who has an interest..
|
|
|
system owners
|
sponsers
|
|
|
system users
|
internal external...
external work for other organizations internal users work for the organization- clear |
|
|
IS
|
1-collect 2-process 3-store 4-desiminate
|
|
|
Describe SDLC
|
Traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems
|
|
|
System concepts
Decomposition |
breaking down a system into smaller components
manageable subsystems, focus on one area at a time |
|
|
System concepts
Modularity |
dividing a system into modules of a relatively uniform size
Modules simplify system design |
|
|
Cohesion
|
Extent to which a subsystem performs a single function
|
|
|
Coupling
|
Subsystems that are dependent upon each other
|
|
|
Different Approaches to Improving Development
|
Prototyping
Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools Joint Application Design (JAD) |
|
|
Different Approaches to Improving Development (Cont.)
|
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Agile Methodologies eXtreme Programming |
|
|
Prototyping
|
Iterative development process:
Requirements quickly converted to a working system. System is continually revised. Close collaboration between users and analysts. |
|
|
Joint Application Design (JAD)
|
Structured process involving users, analysts, and managers.
Several-day intensive workgroup sessions. Purpose: to specify or review system requirements. |
|
|
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
|
Methodology to radically decrease design and implementation time.
Involves: extensive user involvement, prototyping, JAD sessions, integrated CASE tools, and code generators. |
|
|
Agile Methodologies
|
Motivated by recognition of software development as fluid, unpredictable, and dynamic.
Three key principles Adaptive rather than predictive. Emphasize people rather than roles. Self-adaptive processes. |
|
|
Skills for a Systems Analyst
|
Analytical skills
Technical skills Management skills Interpersonal skills |
|
|
Analytical Skills
|
Systems Thinking
1.2 Organizational Knowledge 1.3 Problem Identification 1.4 Problem Analyzing and Solving |
|
|
Systems Thinking
|
Ability to view a system in its entirety.
Understand system scope and boundaries. Identify the major functions to be performed by the system. Decompose the functions into well-defined parts. Understand the component inter-relationships. Understand the workflow among components. Account for constraints imposed from within and from outside the system. |
|
|
Organizational Knowledge
|
Understanding of how organizations work
Knowledge of specific functions and procedures of organization and department How work officially gets done Internal policies Competitive and Regulatory Environment Organizational Strategies and Tactics |
|
|
Functional Areas
|
Sales and Marketing
Manufacturing and production Finance and accounting Human Resources |
|
|
Problem Identification
|
Problem: Difference between an existing situation and a desired situation
PROBLEM=real problem + oppurtunity Identification is process of defining differences compare the current situation to the output of a model that predicts what the output should be |
|
|
Problem-Solving Scenarios
|
True problem situations, either real or anticipated, that require corrective action
Opportunities to improve a situation despite the absence of complaints Directives to change a situation regardless of whether anyone has complained about the current situation |
|
|
General Problem-Solving Approach
|
Identify the problem.
Analyze and understand the problem. Identify solution requirements or expectations. Identify alternative solutions and decide a course of action. Design and implement the “best” solution. Evaluate the results. If the problem is not solved, return to step 1 or 2 as appropriate. |
|
|
Technical Skills
|
Microcomputers, workstations, minicomputers and mainframe computers
Programming languages Operating systems Database and file management systems Data communication standards Systems development tools and environments Web development languages and tools Decision support system generators |
|
|
Technical Skills
continued |
Constant re-education is necessary as technology changes rapidly
Activities to keep skills up-to-date Trade publications Professional societies Attend classes or teach at a local college Attend courses sponsored by organization Conferences and trade shows Browse Websites Participate in new groups and conferences |
|
|
Management skills
|
Resource Management
3.2 Project Management 3.3 Risk Management 3.4 Change Management |
|
|
Resource Management
|
Systems analyst needs to know how to get the most out of the resources of an organization, including team members
Includes the following capabilities Predicting resource usage Tracking resource consumption Effective use of resources Evaluation of resource quality Securing resources from abusive use Relinquishing resources when no longer needed |
|
|
Project Management
|
Two Goals
Prevent projects from coming in late Prevent projects from going over budget Assists management in keeping track of project’s progress Consists of several steps Decomposing project into independent tasks Determining relationships between tasks Assigning resources and personnel to tasks |
|
|
Risk Management
|
Ability to anticipate what might go wrong in a project
Minimize risk/damage that might result Placement of resources Prioritization of activities to achieve greatest gain |
|
|
Change Management
|
Ability to assist people in making transition to new system
Ability to deal with technical issues related to change Obsolescence Reusability |
|
|
Interpersonal skills
|
Communication skills
4.2 Working alone and with a team 4.3 Facilitating groups 4.4 Managing expectations |
|
|
Communication Skills
|
Effective communication helps to establish and maintain good working relationships with clients and colleagues
Skills improve with experience Three types used by Systems Analyst Interviewing and Listening Written and Oral Presentations Questionnaires |
|
|
4.1.1Interviewing and Listening
|
Means to gather information about a project
Listening to answers is just as important as asking questions Effective listening leads to understanding of problem and generates additional questions |
