Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What red grape variety is best known for very high acid and tannin levels?
|
Nebbiolo
|
|
|
What characteristic does carbonic Maceration give a wine?
|
Fresh, fruity, candied flavors
|
|
|
What variety has two major clonal categories?
|
Sangiovese- Piccolo and grosso
|
|
|
What bank in Bordeaux is Cabernet grown? And what soil is there?
|
Left Bank. Gravel
|
|
|
What religious orders were involved in wine production?
|
Roman Catholic Benedictine Monks and Cistercian Monks
|
|
|
List the life cycle of the vine.
|
Dormacy- Bud break-shoot growth-flowering- Fruit Set- verasion- harvest
|
|
|
What is Pouilly Fume?
What is Pouilly Fuisse? |
Fume- Sauv. Blanc
Fuisse- Chardonnay |
|
|
What is Cava? How is it made?
|
Spanish sparkling wine, it is made in traditional method
|
|
|
What three grapes can go into Champagne?
|
Pinot noir
Chardonnay Pinot Meunier |
|
|
What 3 things must all labels display?
|
Volume
Alcohol level Producer |
|
|
What does Malolactic Fermentation (MLF) do to a wine?
|
Bacteria in wine convert harsh malic acid to softer lactic acid (green apple to butter) in a second fermentation.
|
|
|
What features does Chardonnay have in the vineyard?
|
Large yellow berries with brown spots
Early budding Early ripening |
|
|
What happens to Chardonnay late in the season?
|
Loses acidity very quickly
|
|
|
What are Chardonnays important regions?
|
Champagne, Burgundy(Pouilly-Fuissé), California,
|
|
|
What is Chardonnay like on the palate?
|
Medium acidity
Moderate to high alcohol Medium to full-body |
|
|
What does Chardonnay look like in the glass?
|
Moderate straw/green more oak darker color
Moderate to deep gold/yellow |
|
|
What does Chardonnay smell like?
|
Green apple, pear, lemon, mango
Oaked- Nuts, popcorn, butter, cream, honey |
|
|
What features does Sauvignon Blanc have in the vineyard?
|
Tight bunches-sensitive to rot-low air flow
High natural acidity Late budding Early ripening |
|
|
What are Sauvignon Blanc's important regions?
|
Loire Valley( Sancerre, Pouilly Fume), Bordeaux( Sauternes), New Zealand, Chile, California( Fume Blanc)
|
|
|
What is the nose and appearance of Sauvignon Blanc?
|
Nose-Grassy, green pepper, cat’s pee, wet stone, citrus
Grapefruit, guava, fruit salad Appearance- Pale to moderate straw/green |
|
|
What is the palate like for Sauvignon Blanc?
|
High acidity
Light to medium body |
|
|
What is Syrah like in the vineyard?
|
Buds late
Ripens early Medium sized berries Tight bunches. |
|
|
What are the notable regions for Syrah?
|
Nothern Rhone ( Hermitage, Cote Rotie), Australia, California,
|
|
|
What is Syrah like in appearance and on the nose?
|
Deep Purple/ruby in the glass
Blackberry, Violets, eucalyptus, Black Pepper, Raspberry, Leather, Game |
|
|
What is Syrah like on the palate?
|
Moderate to high acidity
Moderate tannin Medium to full body Moderate to high alcohol |
|
|
What grape is Vouvray made from?
|
Chenin blanc
|
|
|
What is vinification?
|
Everything related to wine making
|
|
|
Which varieties are blended to produce Meritage?
|
Cabernet, Merlot, cab. Franc.
|
|
|
What white grape becomes has a light purple tinge when it is fully ripe?
|
Gewurztraminer
|
|
|
In France, what kind of soil is Chardonnay historically performed best in?
|
Chalky, limestone
|
|
|
What does Grenache look like in the vineyard?
|
Long loose bunches,Early Budding, Late ripening.
|
|
|
What are some notable regions of Grenache?
|
Rhone Valley (Châteauneuf-du-Pape) Spain, Italy, Australia.
|
|
|
What is Grenache like in appearance and on the nose?
|
Pale to Med. Garnet/Brick
Plum, Raspberry Stewed Fruit, Earth, Herbs. |
|
|
What is Grenache like on the palate?
|
Low-Mod. Acid
Low-Mod. Tannin Med.-high Alc. Full Body. |
|
|
What is Tempranillo like in the vineyard?
|
med. size berries
thick skins ripens early |
|
|
What is the main Spanish grape?
|
Tempranillo
|
|
|
what is Tempranillo appearance and nose?
|
Pale to mod. Garnet/Ruby
Strawberry, spice, Vanilla, Coconut, Toast. |
|
|
What is Tempranillo like on the palate?
|
low to mod. Acid
Mod. Tannin Med. Body Med-High Alc. |
|
|
what is Sangiovese grosso like in the vineyard?
|
large berries
loose bunches late ripening |
|
|
What red grape is traditionally blended with white to soften it?
|
Sangiovese
|
|
|
what are the 3 notable regions for Sangiovese?(Italian)
|
Tuscany
Chianti Brunello di Montalcino |
|
|
what is Sangiovese like in appearance and on the nose?
|
Med. Garnet
Red fruit, floral, leather, earth. |
|
|
what is Sangiovese like on the palate?
A-T-B-A |
High Acid
med-high tannin Med. Body Med-high Alc. |
|
|
What is Nebbiolo like in the vineyard?
|
Med. sized berries
Early budding Late ripening Lots of clones. |
|
|
Where does the name 'Nebbiolo' come from?
|
It ripens in foggy conditions. Italian name for fog is 'Nebbia'
|
|
|
Where is Nebbiolo grown?
|
Italy- Barolo and Barbaresco
|
|
|
What is Nebbiolo like in appearance and on the nose?
|
Pale to med. Garnet
Violets, tar, truffles, licorice, roses |
|
|
What is Nebbiolo like on the palate?
|
High acid
High Alc. Med-full body High Tannin |
|
|
Between what two degrees of latitude is generally considered to be best for
grape growing? |
30 and 50
Or around a large body of water- ie. Okanagan |
|
|
To what fungus is Sauvignon quite susceptible?
|
Noble rot (botrytis)
|
|
|
Give 4 responsibilities that a Sommelier may have in a restaurant, outside of
service. |
Pairing (Sales)
Wine lists Staff Training Inventory control |
|
|
What is the appropriate temperature for serving a big tannic red wine?
|
16-18C
|
|
|
What soil in Germany gives Riesling its greatest expression?
|
Heat retaining slate
|
|
|
Name three important conditions that must be carefully monitored in a wine cellar.
|
Temperature, Humidity, Light, No Vibration.
|
|
|
Name the traditional Beaujolais vinification technique for Gamay and explain its effect on the flavor and structure of the wine?
|
Carbonic maceration-structure soft, fruity flavors, candied notes and leathery
|
|
|
Name the grape variety used in the production of Fino sherry
|
Palomino
|
|
|
What are some components in wine that interact with food?
|
-Alc. accentuates heat
-Sweetness accentuates acid -Fat and protein reduce perception of tannin -Salt reduces perception of tannin |
|
|
What is Must?
What is Must Weight? |
Must is the unfermented grape juice
-Must weight is the measurement of the sugar in the grape juice |
|
|
What is the process of Chaptalization?
|
The addition of sugar( cane refined) to must to boost the potential alcohol level.
|
|
|
What are the 2 techniques used to mix up the cap?
|
Pigeage- punching down
Remontage- Pumping over |
|
|
What are the features of Cabernet in the vineyard?
|
Loose long bunches
Buds late Ripens late has naturally low yeilds |
|
|
What are the important regions for Cabernet?
|
Left bank Bordeaux( Haut Medoc, Pauillac and Margaux) California, Australia
|
|
|
What is Cabernet's appearance and nose?
|
Deep-opaque ruby/purple
Black fruit, Cassis, Cigar Box, Eucalyptus. Bell pepper in cooler climates. |
|
|
What is Cabernet like on the palate?
|
Med-high acid
Med-high tannin Med-full body Med-high alc. |
|
|
What are the features of Pinot Noir in the vineyard?
|
Compact bunches
Buds Early Ripens Early |
|
|
What are Pinot Noir's notable regions?
|
Burgundy, Champagne,Oregon,New Zealand, California
|
|
|
What is Pinot Noir like in appearance and on the nose?
|
Pale to med. Garnet/Ruby
Cherry, Milk Chocolate, Tea, Raspberry, Mushrooms |
|
|
What is Pinot Noir like on the palate?
|
Med-high Acid
Low-med tannin Light-med body Med. Alc. |
|
|
What are the 5 'aromatic' Varieties?
|
Riesling
Gewurztraminer Muscat Pinot Gris Chenin Blanc |
|
|
What is Riesling like in the vineyard?
|
Early budding
Late ripening Compact bunches |
|
|
What type of climate does Riesling ripen best in?
|
Cool climate
|
|
|
What are Rieslings notable regions?
|
Germany, Alsace, Australia ,Niagara
|
|
|
What is the ' Rain Shadow' and where does this happen?
|
Happens in Alsace where the vineyards are right on the other side of the mountains so they do not get much rain.
|
|
|
What are the 2 flavor profiles of Riesling? (Dry-sweet)
|
Dry to medium sweet styles-Lemon/lime, floral, peach, mineral, petrol
Dessert wine styles-Apricot, honey, raisin, baked apple, petrol |
|
|
What is Riesling like on the palate?
|
High Acid
Low-med. Body Low-med Alc. |
|
|
What is Gewurztraminer like on the nose?
|
Perfume, floral, lychee, citrus peel, baking spice, tropical fruit
|
|
|
what is Gewurztraminer like on the palate?
|
Low acid
Full body High Alc. |
|
|
What grape has white, pink and black versions?
|
Muscat
|
|
|
What are Muscat's notable regions?
|
Asti and Moscato d’Asti
Alsace |
|
|
What is the appearance and nose of muscat?
|
Very pale straw to Med. gold
Floral, tangerine, orange |
|
|
What white grape do they sometimes use pre-fermentation to give the finished wine a brassy hue?
|
Pinot Gris
|
|
|
What are Pinot Gris notable regions?
|
Italy, Alsace, New Zealand, Oregon
|
|
|
What is Pinot Gris like on the nose?
|
Pear, Spice, Apple, Floral, Citrus
|
|
|
What is Pinot Gris like on the palate?
|
Low-med acid
Med-high Alc. Med-full body |
|
|
What are Chenin Blanc's notable regions?
|
Loire Valley, South Africa (steen)
|
|
|
What is Chenin Blanc like in appearance and on the nose?
|
Med. Straw
Honey, apple, floral, wet wool when aged |
|
|
what four components does wine need to age?
|
PH level
Acid Sugar Tannin |
|
|
What constant temperature does a cellar need to be at?
|
55F or 13C
|
|
|
what is Merlot like in the vineyard?
|
Early budding and ripening
Large berries Loose bunches |
|
|
What red grape shuts down in high heat?
|
Merlot
|
|
|
What are Merlot's notable regions?
|
Bordeaux(st.Emilion, Pomerol),California, Italy
|
|
|
what grape is the main component of Right bank Bordeaux?
|
Merlot
|
|
|
What is Merlot's appearance and nose?
|
Med.-deep ruby
red and black fruit,toffee, chocolate |
|
|
what is Cab, Franc like in the vineyard?
|
large berries
Loose bunched Buds and ripens early |
|
|
what are Cab. Francs notable regions?
|
Loire Valley, Bordeaux( left bank),California.
|
|
|
What is Cab, Franc like in appearance and on the nose?
|
Med-deep ruby
Spice, herb,pencil shavings,raspberry, milk chocolate |
|
|
what is Cab. Franc like on the palate?
|
Med-high acid
mod. tannin light to med. body med. Alc |
|
|
What is Zinfandel like in the vineyard?
|
Large bunches
early ripener uneven ripening Potential to build very high sugar levels |
|
|
what type of soil does Zin like?
|
Well drained Alluvium
|
|
|
What are Zin's notable regions?
|
California, Italy(Primitivo)
|
|
|
What is Zin like in appearance and on the nose?
|
Med to deep purple/ruby
Blueberry, cherry, jam, |
|
|
What is Zin like on the palate?
|
Low-mod Acid
Med tannin Very full body High Alc. |
|
|
What type of fermentation is used for Gamay?
|
Carbonic maceration
|
|
|
What are Gamay's notable regions?
|
Rhone(Beaujolais)
|
|
|
what is Gamay like in appearance and on the nose?
|
Med garnet to bright Fuchsia
Candy, bubblegum, cherry, flowers, chocolate |
|
|
what is Gamay like on the palate?
A-T-B-A |
Med-high acid
low tannin light body med, alc. |
|
|
What is Assemblage? (traditional method)
|
Wines from different varieries, vineyards and vintages are blended
|
|
|
What is Tirage?
|
Mixture of yeast and sugar added to Assemblage blend
|
|
|
What is remuage?
|
Riddling during second fermentation while the bottles are upside down to force the yeast lees to collect in the neck of the bottle.
|
|
|
what is Degorgement?
|
The prosses of removing the lees from the neck of the bottle. The lees are frozen, the cap is removed and the co2 pressure pushed the frozen lees out of the bottle.
|
|
|
What is Dosage?
|
the addition of wine after the lees have been removed, it is usually sweet. it determines the final balance.
|
|
|
What is the difference between traditional method and transfer method?
|
Transfer method goes through the same second fermentation but it is emptied into a pressurized tank, filtered and then bottled in a different bottle.
|
|
|
What is the tank method?
|
Wine is put through its second fermentation on a pressurized tank
|
|
|
What are some notable regions for the tank method?
|
Italy (Prosecco, Asti), Germany
|
|
|
Where is Port made?
|
Douro Valley
|
|
|
What grapes is mainly used to make port?
|
Touriga Nacional
|
|
|
what grape is used to make sweet sherry?
|
Pedro Ximenez
|
|
|
how does the Solera system work?
|
like a pyramid, the wine goes from the top and is slowly blended down
|
|
|
What is Flor and what taste does it leave?
|
It s the specific yeast found naturally in the Sherry region. It given the wine a blanches almond, brine and bitter herb flavor.
|
