Ir 3

Front 1

what % of VHL pts develop RCC

Back 1

40%

Front 2

what role does IR play in RCC

Back 2

can be used to determine if partial nephrectomy can be performed
can embolize the tumor pre-operatively (to reduce blood loss)

Front 3

T or F:
FMD can involve the proximal portions of renal arteries

Back 3

true, although it is less common

Front 4

T or F:
ATH disease can affect the distal portions of renal arteries --> stenosis

Back 4

true

Front 5

pathophysiology behind NF as a cause of renal artery stenosis
how to differentiate between NF and other causes of RAS

Back 5

secondary to fibrous proliferation of the intima or media.

indistinguishable from renal artery stenosis of other causes.

usually at origin of artery, may be b/l

Front 6

tx options for renal artery stenosis

Back 6

Aortorenal arterial bypass
angioplasty
stent placement

Front 7

which RAS lesions do not have as successfuly tx with angioplasty

Back 7

ostial lesions (plaque extending from aorta into renal artery)

Front 8

who should get tx with angioplasty for RAS

Back 8

>50% renal artery stenosis
measured systolic pressure gradient >105% of systemic sysolic pressure across stenosis
+ deteriorating renal fxn or pt who failed medical tx

Front 9

replaced L hepatic artery

Back 9

arises from the L gastric artery

Front 10

what does the middle hepatic artery serve
where does it arise from

Back 10

segment IV
from the left or right hepatic artery

Front 11

frequency of multiple renal arteries

Back 11

30%

Front 12

where do accessory renal arteries most commonly arise from

Back 12

aorta, but can also arise from iliac arteries

Front 13

vascular assessment for renal transplant

Back 13

1 renal artery preferred
look for early bifurcation of the renal artery (d/t clamp size)
shouldn't have stenosis or FMD

Front 14

what is the size indication for thoracic aortic aneurysm repair

Back 14

5.5-6cm (usually repaired surgically)
in females and pts with CT d/o, will repair earlier b/c increased risk of rupture at smaller diameter

Front 15

major complications of thoracic aortic aneurysm repair

Back 15

perioperative mortality
paraplegia
cardiopulmonary complications

Front 16

etiologies of aortic dissection

Back 16

Iatrogenic injury
trauma
HTN
connective tissue disease

Front 17

indications for bare metal stent placement in aortic dissection

Back 17

technical failure of percutaneous balloon
recurrent stenosis following angioplasty
arterial dissection
tx of eccentric/heavily calcified stenoses.

Front 18

how to determine if there is failure of balloon angioplasty

Back 18

>30% residual stenosis or >10 mm Hg systolic pressure gradient

Front 19

placement of IVC filter in duplicated IVC

Back 19

1 in each IVC or 1 suprarenal IVC

Front 20

how is the lower body drained if there is absence of the IVC
what part of IVC is missing

Back 20

intrahepatic portion may be missing
drains via the azygous/hemiazygous
hepatic veins -> RA

Front 21

appearance of a diverticular bleed on angio

Back 21

focal collection of contrast pooling in lumen of bowel

Front 22

contraindications for vasopressiin in LGIB

Back 22

coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease
arrhythmia
severe hypertension

Front 23

type 1 endoleak

Back 23

failure to seal the attachment sites of the endograft to the native bv.

Front 24

which endoleak type is most prone to rupture

Back 24

type 1

Front 25

type 2 endoleak

Back 25

retrograde arterial flow into the aneurysm sac from patent aortic side-branches

Front 26

type 3 endoleak

Back 26

result from tears in the graft fabric or separation of graft components.

Front 27

type 4 endoleak

Back 27

leakage of contrast due to porosity of the graft fabric material.

Front 28

criteria for type 2 endoleak repair

Back 28

in case of aneurysm enlargement

Front 29

how to tx a type 2 endoleak

Back 29

embolization

Front 30

origin of the spinal artery

Back 30

bronchial artery

Front 31

what is the importance of visualizing the spinal artery in a pt being tx for bronchial artery enlargement

Back 31

if an enlarged bronchial artery is being embolized and spinal artery is seen, coils must be placed distal to the origin of the spinal artery
(o/w can result in paraplegia)

Front 32

describe course of spinal artery from origin

Back 32

characteristic hairpin turn before entering the vertebral canal to supply the spinal cord

Front 33

2 common origins of the right bronchial artery

Back 33

thoracic aorta or the third right intercostal

Front 34

rasmussen's syndrome

Back 34

pulmonary artery aneurysm adjacent to or within TB cavity --> hemorrhage

Front 35

may thurner syndrome

Back 35

results from compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery.

Front 36

% of pts with DVT who develop post-thrombotic syndrome

Back 36

25-50%

Front 37

ddx fpr hypervascular mass that splays the arterial branches, + neovascularity, dense tumor stain

Back 37

HCC
cholangioCA
hypervascular mets

Front 38

what part of which BV is involved in thoracic outlet syndrome

Back 38

stenosis of distal segment of the subclavian artery, where the vessel travels between the first rib and clavicle.

Front 39

steps of endovascular repair of AAA

Back 39

1. aortogram
2. Over a stiff wire, a large delivery sheath is advanced into the aorta
3. repeat angiography
4. the trunk component is deployed with its upper end just below the lowest renal artery origin and expanded by angioplasty.
5. contralateral limb is catheterized from the other femoral artery
6. repeat angiography is performed to define the distal neck of the contralateral side
7. contralateral component is deployed, overlapping with the trunk component and expanded by angioplasty.
8. repeat angio - look for patency of graft limbs, check for endoleak

Front 40

potential intra-operative complications of endovascular repair of AAA

Back 40

Iliac artery rupture
branch vessel occlusion
type I endoleak (lack of seal between endograft and artery wall)

Front 41

late complications of aorto-iliac stent-graft placement

Back 41

Endoleak
graft limb occlusion
device migration

Front 42

complications of thoracic aorta stent graft repair

Back 42

migration
endoleaks

Front 43

complications of open repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm

Back 43

paraplegia
cardiorespiratory problems
death

Front 44

anatomic criteria that must be met if endovascular aneurysm repair of thoracic or abd aortic aneurysm

Back 44

proximal and distal aneurysm necks must be longer than 2 cm and free of significant angulation and plaque
iliac arteries which must be >7–8 mm are important factors in determining eligibility for endovascular thoracic aortic aneurysm repair.

Front 45

anatomic criteria that must be met specific to thoracic aortic aneurysm

Back 45

degree of thoracic aortic curvature
relationship of the aneurysm to the LSC
if a 2-cm proximal neck is not present, then the subclavian artery may first be surgically ligated or covered with the stent graft

Front 46

angiographic appearance of AML

Back 46

large, tortuous feeding arteries arranged circumferentially
occasional small arterial aneurysms and a sunburst appearance in the parenchymal phase

Front 47

main ddx AML angiographically

Back 47

RCC

Front 48

limitations of AAA evaluation by arteriography

Back 48

arteriography can be insensitive for the diagnosis of AAA and often underestimates aneurysm diameter.

Front 49

utility of arteriography in AAA assessment

Back 49

to evaluate visceral branch vessel relationships to the aneurysm

suitability of the iliac arteries as access vessels for stent-graft placement

to enable proper selection and sizing of a stent-graft device

Front 50

complications of AAA

Back 50

aneurysm rupture and distal embolization

Front 51

when should AAA be treated

Back 51

>5cm or those that cause embolism

Front 52

when to suspect hepatic contusion

Back 52

low-attenuating lesion that doesn’t extend to the capsule, in trauma setting

Front 53

appearance of pseudomyxoma peritonei

Back 53

peritoneal deposits with scalloping of the hepatic border.

Front 54

how to tx hepatic laceration

Back 54

Gelfoam can be used to embolize an entire hepatic lobe

Front 55

who is at risk for developing ischemia after hepatic embolization for lac

Back 55

portal venous thrombosis or portal hypertension

Front 56

arterial supply of horseshoe kidney

Back 56

multiple bilateral renal arteries (up to 6)
can arise from the aorta, iliac, or IMA

Front 57

who si more likely to have horseshoe kidney, men or women

Back 57

men

Front 58

how is tranvaginal abscess drainage performed

Back 58

combo of US and FLX

Front 59

transrectal abscess drainage performed

Back 59

US and FLX

Front 60

transperineal abscess drainage

Back 60

US/FLX

Front 61

complications fo stanford A aortic dissection

Back 61

coronary artery occlusion
aortic insufficiency
rupture into the pericardial sac.