Ipm Quiz 2

Front 1

symptom

Back 1

plant's physical response to a pathogen (wilt, blight, leaf spots, rusts, scorch)

Front 2

chlorosis

Back 2

yellowing of normal tissue due to destruction of chlorophyll and lack of formation of chlorophyll

Front 3

lesion

Back 3

localized disease or wound

Front 4

blight

Back 4

rapid death of plant or plant parts

Front 5

wilt

Back 5

loss of rigidity and loss of plant parts due to inadequate water in plants

Front 6

scorch

Back 6

burning off of leaf margins due to infection or environmental extremes

Front 7

damping off

Back 7

destruction of seedling near soil line; results in collapse of seedlings on the soil surface

Front 8

necrosis

Back 8

death and discoloration of cells and tissues

Front 9

stunting

Back 9

reduced plant growth

Front 10

sign

Back 10

direct visibility of pathogen or its project (sclerotia, mycelium, hyphae, fruiting bodies)

Front 11

hyphae

Back 11

tiny, tubular filaments that make up the body of a fungus

Front 12

mycelium

Back 12

mass of hyphae

Front 13

sclerotia

Back 13

mass of dormant hyphae (usually hardened) that allow fungi to survive unfavorable conditions

Front 14

spore

Back 14

reproductive structure of fungi (and other organisims) capable of growing into a new individual under proper conditions

Front 15

inoculum

Back 15

form of the pathogen that initiates infection

Front 16

abiotic disorder

Back 16

non-infectious disease, environmental extremes (heat, freezes, lightning, wind damage, herbicide damage)

Front 17

biotic disorder

Back 17

infectious disease caused by living pathogen

Front 18

disease

Back 18

abnormal functioning of an organism

Front 19

pathogen

Back 19

microorganism capable of causing disease

Front 20

complete metamorphosis

Back 20

egg, larvae/caterpillar, pupa, adult (ELPA)

Front 21

incomplete metamorphosis

Back 21

egg, nymph, adult (ENA)

Front 22

dispersal

Back 22

movement of individuals or their offspring

Front 23

dicots

Back 23

a.k.a. broadleaves. plants whose seedlings produce two cotyledons

Front 24

monocots

Back 24

commonly called grassy weeds; plants whose seedlings produce one grass-like leaf

Front 25

weed

Back 25

plant that interferes with human activities, creates economic loss, or is otherwise undesirable

Front 26

diapause

Back 26

period of physiologically controlled dormancy in insects or other organisms

Front 27

dormancy

Back 27

physiological state in which an organism is inactive or not growing

Front 28

2 characteristics of successful pests

Back 28

1. strong competitive abilities

2. reproduce rapidly and quickly

Front 29

point when an organism achieves pest status

Back 29

when the activity of an organism conflicts with human needs or values

Front 30

portion of organisms that are pests in a managed area

Back 30

many organisms are beneficial; others are of no consequence; only a small number are pests.

Front 31

3 reasons pests can be difficult to identify

Back 31

1. pest isn't always present

2. pest looks similar to innocuous or beneficial organisms

3. damage my be abiotic or genetic

Front 32

full taxonomic classification of the convergent lady beetle

Back 32

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Coleoptera (beetles)

Family: Coccinellidae (lady beetles)

Genus: Hippodamia

Specific epithet/Species: convergens

Front 33

6 classes of the phylum Arthropoda

(highest number to lowest + the number of species and orders in each class)

Back 33

1. Insecta: 2 million+ species, 31 orders
2. Arachnida: 40,000 species, 9 orders

3. Crustacea: 26,000 species, 30 orders

4. Diplopoda (millipedes): 8,000 species, 7 orders

5. Chilopoda (centipedes): 3,000 species, 4 orders

6. Symphla (symphlans): <1000 species, 1 order

Front 34

Phylum whose organisms outnumber humans by 200 million to 1

Back 34

Phylum Arthropoda

Front 35

4 insect orders comprising the majority of the U.S. population

Back 35

Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera

Front 36

most landscape pests come from this insect suborder

Back 36

Homopterans (suborder of Hemiptera)

Front 37

order of beetles

Back 37

Coleoptera

Front 38

order of flies, mosquitoes and gnats

Back 38

Diptera

Front 39

order of bees, wasps, ants, sawflies, horntails

Back 39

Hymenoptera

Front 40

order of butterflies, moths, skippers

Back 40

Lepidoptera

Front 41

order of aphids, scales, mealybugs, whiteflies

Back 41

Homoptera

Front 42

Insecta: anatomy of an insect

Back 42

head, thorax, abdomen, 6 legs, 1 pair antennae, 2 pairs of wings (usually)

Front 43

Arachnida: anatomy of a mite

Back 43

gnathosoma, idiosoma (abdomen and thorax combined), 8 legs

Front 44

Arachnida: anatomy of a spider

Back 44

cephalothorax (head and thorax combined), abdomen, 8 legs, no antennae, 1 pair pedipalps

Front 45

metamorphosis

Back 45

process where arthropods develop from immatures into adults by modifying their shapes within each molt

Front 46

complete metamorphosis

Back 46

process where insects undergo major changes between the immature larva stage and adulthood via a nonfeeding pupal stage;

larvae often have different feeding habits than adults.

Front 47

incomplete metamorphosis

a.k.a. gradual metamorphosis

Back 47

process where immature nymphs change gradually into adults

the main difference between nymphs and adults is the lack of wings in nymphs; feeding habits are usually the same

Front 48

insects that undergo complete metamorphosis

Back 48

flies, wasps, moths, butterflies, beetles

Front 49

insects that undergo incomplete metamorphosis

Back 49

grasshoppers, aphids, true bugs

Front 50

stages of complete metamorphosis

Back 50

egg, larva, pupa, adult

Front 51

stages of incomplete metamorphosis

Back 51

egg, nymph, adult

Front 52

example of genetic adaptability in arthropods

Back 52

development of resistance to insecticides

Front 53

time it takes for a few individuals of certain insect species to produce an outbreak in favorable conditions

Back 53

a few days

Front 54

3 dispersal methods of insects

Back 54

1. legs (walk, jump, swim)

2. wings

3. air currents or attaching themselves to other moving things

Front 55

How have border inspectors kept the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, out of California?

Back 55

By checking for egg masses on objects like cars, outdoor furniture and freight trains

Front 56

appearance of chewing damage by insects on plants

Back 56

ragged holes, holes, heads and leaves contaminated with frass (poop), cracked bark and boring

Front 57

appearance of piercing/sucking damage by insects on plants

Back 57

stippling or yellowing damage on leaves, fruit or twigs; leaf curling; deformed fruit; wilting; general decline of the whole plant

Front 58

insects with chewing mouth parts

Back 58

beetles; butterfly and moth larvae; orthopterans like grasshoppers; earwigs

Front 59

insects with piercing/sucking mouth parts

Back 59

aphids, scale insects, true bugs

Front 60

anatomy of a snail

Back 60

shell, respiratory pore, mantle, foot, head, eye, upper tentacles, lower tentacles, head

Front 61

anatomy of a slug

Back 61

mantle, respiratory pore, foot, head, eye, upper tentacles, lower tentacles

Front 62

number of eggs that snails and slugs lay, and where

Back 62

10-200 eggs beneath the soil

Front 63

number of eggs adult brown garden snails lay, and how many times a year

Back 63

about 80 eggs, up to 6 times a year

Front 64

sexual orientation of snails and slugs

Back 64

hermaphrodite

Front 65

what are nematodes?

Back 65

round microscopic worms

Front 66

habitat in which plant parasitic nematodes are active

Back 66

moist habitat

Front 67

number of stages in the nematode life cycle

Back 67

6 distinct stages

Front 68

3 methods of dispersal for nematodes

Back 68

1. via thin films of water in the soil

2. infested plants and equipment

3. transport of plant material

Front 69

phylum of vertebrates

Back 69

phylum Chordata

Front 70

chief difficulty in identifying vertebrate pests

Back 70

damage is usually observed when the pest is no longer present

Front 71

problem with vertebrate control materials

Back 71

vertebrate control materials can be very toxic to non-pest wildlife species and pets

Front 72

circumstance when vertebrate control materials are most effective

Back 72

when vertebrate pest populations are low; monitoring is therefore essential

Front 73

2 main groups of weeds

Back 73

1. monocots

2. dicots

Front 74

4 characteristics of monocots

Back 74

1. produce a single grasslike leaf in the seedling

2. leaves usually have parallel veins

3. flower parts in multiples of 3

4. include grasses and sedges

Front 75

3 characteristics of dicots (broadleaves)

Back 75

1. seedlings produce 2 cotyledons

2. netlike veins

3. flower parts usually in multiples of 4 or 5

Front 76

distinguishing characteristic of sedges

Back 76

triangular stem

Front 77

structures produced by perennial weeds to allow them to live 3 years or longer

Back 77

vegetative reproductive structures

Front 78

5 (of the) successful characteristics of weeds

Back 78

1. abundant seed production

2. rapid population establishment

3. long-term survival of buried seed

4. presence of vegetative reproductive structures

5. germinate early and outcompete other plants

Front 79

3 ways weed seeds disperse

Back 79

1. wind

2. water

3. digestive systems of animals

Front 80

biotic disease/disorder

Back 80

abnormal functioning of a plant caused by a pathogen

Front 81

innoculation

Back 81

the inoculum coming into contact with the host plant

Front 82

disease triangle

Back 82

disease is caused by a combination of these three factors:

1. pathogen

2. a susceptible host

3. favorable environment

Front 83

6 primary events of the disease cycle

Back 83

1. inoculation

2. pre-penetration phenomena

3. penetration

4. infection

5. dissemination of the pathogen

6. overwintering &/or oversummering of pathogens

Front 84

3 most common pathogen groups causing disease in plants

Back 84

1. fungi

2. bacteria

3. viruses

Front 85

how bacteria reproduce

Back 85

binary fission

Front 86

how often bacteria can reproduce under favorable conditions

Back 86

every 20 minutes

Front 87

how bacteria enter plants

Back 87

via natural openings and wounds

Front 88

viruses require this for survival and reproduction

Back 88

a host cell

Front 89

how viruses enter plants

Back 89

via wounds made by insect or nematode vectors

Front 90

how viruses are dispersed

Back 90

mechanically from plant to plant via vectors, vegetative propagation, sap, seed and pollen

Front 91

how bacteria overwinter

Back 91

bacteria overwinter as saprophytes in plant debris

Front 92

how viruses overwinter

Back 92

on alternate hosts such as perennial plants, weeds, or volunteer crop plants

Front 93

symptoms of water deficiency

Back 93

foliage wilts, droops, drops prematurely. twigs and leaves die back. bark cracks and develops cankers

Front 94

symptoms of excess water or poor drainage

Back 94

foliage yellows and drops. twigs and branches die back. root crown diseases & mineral toxicity develops

Front 95

after a pesticide product registration lapses, pest control dealers do what with the pesticide?

Back 95

pesticide dealers can sell and deliver a pesticide with a lapsed pesticide product registration for two years

Front 96

what happens to sale and use of pesticides with cancelled product registration?

Back 96

it can continue under conditions imposed by the regulatory agency responsible for the cancellation

Front 97

function of a Special Local Need Registration (SLN)

Back 97

allows uses of pesticides for crops or sites not listed on the label

Front 98

example of a supplemental label

Back 98

a pamplet containing use directions & restrictions attached to the container

Front 99

signal word on a pesticide label

Back 99

signifies the relative acute toxicity of the pesticide product

Front 100

precautionary statements section of a pesticide label

Back 100

contains information about hazards to people and domestic animals

Front 101

location of plant-back restrictions on a pesticide label

Back 101

directions for use section of a pesticide label

Front 102

is it legal to apply less pesticide than specified in its label directions?

Back 102

yes

Front 103

is it ever legal to exceed the maximum application rate of a pesticide as indicated on its label?

Back 103

no