Ipm Exam 2 - Guest Lectures

Front 1

Non GMO soybean in IL

Back 1

Very small amount, only 7%

Front 2

Chuckov program

Back 2

Farmers put money in, funds research on soybeans

Front 3

Soy aphids

Back 3

Native to Asia, spread quickly to northern US/southern Canada

Front 4

When should soy be treated? What with?

Back 4

Over 250 aphids per plant, foliar insecticide

Front 5

Biological control on soy aphids

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Parasitic wasps, efficacy unknown

Front 6

Antixenosis

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Form of host plant resistance: Inability for pest to find and feed on plant

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Antibiosis

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Form of host plant resistance: Inability for pest to grow/reproduce while feeding on plant

Front 8

Tolerance

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Form of host plant resistance: ability of plant to thrive despite feeding

Front 9

Screening for soy aphid resistance

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Check germ plasm

Front 10

Which cultivars have soy aphid resistance?

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Ancestral lines

Front 11

Antibiosis soy host plant resistance

Back 11

Not useful in IL, resistance gene needs to be bred into Midwest adapted soy backgrounds, the genes aren't known

Front 12

Marker-assisted selection

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Markers used to select aphid resistance genes Rag1/Rag2 in soy

Front 13

IL aphids

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Susceptible to both resistance genes

Front 14

Ohio aphids

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Resistant to Rag1 only

Front 15

Indiana aphids

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Resistant to both host plant resistance genes

Front 16

Value continuum per plant (low to high)

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Forests, forage crops, field crops, veggies, orchard crops

Front 17

Why are orchard crops highest value continuum?

Back 17

Economic AND aesthetic injury level

Front 18

Problem in forest IPM?

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Need large-scale control because very large

Front 19

Who discovered pheromone of silk moth?

Back 19

Adolf Butenandt

Front 20

Silk moth pheromone

Back 20

Bombykol

Front 21

Semiochemicals

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How forest pests are often controlled

Front 22

Intraspecific semiochemicals

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Pheromones: releaser or primer

Front 23

Releaser semiochemicals

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Changes in behavior: alarm, sexual, aggregation, marking, recruitment, ID

Front 24

Primer semiochemicals

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Development: Sexual maturiation, caste determination, dev, physiological state

Front 25

Interspecific semiochemicals

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Kairomone, Allomone

Front 26

Kairomone

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Benefits receiver to detriment of sender: Pheromones, allomones, toxins, metabolites, floral scents

Front 27

Allomone

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Benefits sender: Defense secretions, repellants, floral scents, lures

Front 28

Human pheromones

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Primers not releaser

Front 29

Advantages of chemical signals

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Independent of light, travel around obstacles, persists in time, energy-efficient, broad range of transmission

Front 30

Disadvantages of chemical signals

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Persistence, slow delivery, difficult to modify signal

Front 31

Semiochemicals in IPM

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Species specific, sustainable, non-toxic, pose no risk to non-targets

Front 32

What are semiochemicals used to control?

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Southern pine beetle, gypsy moth, emerald ash borer

Front 33

Coffee white stem borer

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Coffee pest, annihilate by trapping with pheromone

Front 34

Gyspy moth control

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Manual removal

Front 35

Gypsy moth caterpillar ID

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5 pairs of blue dots followed by 6 pairs of red dots on backs

Front 36

Gypsy moth problems

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Eat everything but leaf midrib, huge groups of eggs laid

Front 37

Tick diseases

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Lyme, RMSF, encephalitis

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Sandfly disease

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Leishmaniasis

Front 39

Kissing bug disease

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Chagas disease

Front 40

most important vectors

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Mosquitoes, followed by ticks

Front 41

most prevalent vector-borne disease in US

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lyme disease

Front 42

Black-legged tick life-cycle

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1 big blood meal per life stage, 3 different hosts, larvae hatch out disease-free and pick up from host

Front 43

Management of tick-borne disease

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Bait station for deer to apply permethrin, helmeted guineafowl

Front 44

Fragmented forests' role in lyme disease

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white-footed mouse (competent reservoir for lyme disease) does well in fragmented forest

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Zooprophylaxis

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use cows to deflect mosquito bites from humans since mosquitoes prefer cattle

Front 46

Biological control of mosquitoes

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Wolbachia shortens mosquito life span

Front 47

Transgenic management of mosquitoes

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Use fungus with antimicrobial toxin developed from scorpion venom

Front 48

Why are disease transmissions in livestock mostly bacterial?

Back 48

Body port contamination, regurgitation, defecation from vector

Front 49

Pigeon breast in horses

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Spread from CA, makes chest muscles puff up, associated with flies

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Strangles in horses

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Contagious, lymph nodes swell and pinch of trachea, transmitted by flies

Front 51

Rhodoccocus in horses

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Subtle, difficult to diagnose, internal abscesses, flies pick up from soil

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Equine Infectious Anemia

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HIV of horses, Tabanids are vector, detect with blood test

Front 53

Why do vets have to avoid using same needle or castration tool on horses?

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Equine Infectious Anemia

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Onchocerciasis

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Filarial disease, ventral midline, transmitted bu culicoids, cure with Ivermectrin

Front 55

Habronemiasis

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Most in Arabians and grey/light colours, summer sores, fly larvae in wounds

Front 56

Stable fly

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Wide-host blood feeder, attack lower areas of horses

Front 57

Aural plaques

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Fly transmitted, associated with black flies, cause weight loss in cattle/irritation of ears in horses, treat with XXTERRA

Front 58

Fly bite dermatitis

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Appaloosas more susceptible

Front 59

Bovine lukemia

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Horse flies transmit

Front 60

Equite Hemorrhagic Disease

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Culicoid vector, reservoir is whitetail deer/cattle, "smell of death", vaccinate prior to culicoid season

Front 61

SimpliFly, Equitrol, Solitude IGR

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Chitin synthesis inhibitors

Front 62

Chitin synthesis inhibitor benefits

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Low mammalian toxicity, high insect specificity, lasts long

Front 63

Hornflies and onchecomiasiis

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Need treatment for btoh fly and filaria

Front 64

Horn fly control

Back 64

Methoprene, feed-through for cattle, adjust to season