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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the mechanism of action for benzodiapepines?
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Enhance the inhibitory action of GABA neurotransmission, thereby causing muscle relaxation, sedation & anticonvulscant activity
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What is the drug of choice in the treatment of anxiety and insomnia?
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Benzodiazapines
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What are some adverse effects of benzodiazapines?
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CNS depression
Amnesia Cognitive impairment Un coordination |
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What are some herb/drug interactions with benzodiapazines?
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Kava - beneficial, assists with withdrawal
Passionflower - negative, increases sedation Valerian - positive, helps with withdrawal Hops, Lavender, Withania, Chamomile - beneficial SJW - negative, reduce drug effects & increase drug metabolism |
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What are some nutrient/drug interactions with benzodiazapines?
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Glutamine - indicated in stressed states, uses B6 as co-factor to convert to GABA.
Combined use with benzo's is potentialy beneficial |
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What herbs would be useful in benzo withdrawl?
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Kava
Valerian Passionflower |
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What herb would be useful in opitate withdrawl?
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Passionflower
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How is major depressive disorder classified?
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Patien needs to experience 5 or more of the symptoms listed on the DSM-IV criteria, every day for at least 2 weeks
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What herbal therapeis could be beneficial with depression?
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SJW
Lavender Schisandra Vervain Oats |
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What nutrient therapies could be beneficial with depression?
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SAMe
5-HTP Tryptophan Tyrosine B group - B6 Fish oils Zinc Glutamine |
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What are the 4 main groups of anti-depressants?
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Tricyclic antidepressants
SSRI's & SNRI's MAOI's Atypicals |
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What is the mechanism of action of tricyclic anti-depressants?
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Potent noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors and some also inhibit the reuptake of serotonin
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What are some side effects of tricyclic anti-depressants?
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Sedation
Impaired thinkiing Orthostatic hypertension Weight gain Dry mouth Blurred vision Tachycardia |
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What are some nutrient/drug interactions with tricyclic anti-depressants?
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B vitamins - beneficial, improves depressive state
CoQ10 - reduced levels, supplement |
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What are some drug/herb interactions with tricyclic anti-depressants?
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SJW - additive effects
St Mary's - reduced side effects Andrographis - reduced side effects |
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What is the mechanism of action of SSRI's?
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Selectively block the re-uptake process for 5-HT
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What are some side effects of SSRI's
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Nausea
Vomiting Diarrhoea Sexual dysfunction Headache Insomnia |
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What are some drug/nutrient interactions with SSRI's
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DHEA - beneficial,
Folic acid - levels depleted, supplement 5-HTP - negative, |
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What are some herb/drug interactions with SSRI's
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SJW - potential for serotonin syndrome
Gingko - positive, alleviates sexual side effects |
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What is the mechanism of action for SNRI's
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Similar to TCA's, selectively inhibits the uptake of noradrenalin and serotonin
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What are some side effects from SNRI's
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Nausea
Dry mouth Headache Insomnia |
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What is the mechanism of action for MAOI's
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Bind irreversibly and non selectively to MAOI-A and MAOI-B
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What are some side effects from MAOI's
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Hypertensive crisis
Nausea Dry mouth Headache Insomnia |
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What are some nutrient/drug interactions with MAOI's
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Tyrosine - avoid
Tyramine containing foods - avoid as MAOI's interact (bananas, cheese, wine, chocolate, salami) |
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Whare are some herb/drug interactions with MAOI's
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Korean ginseng - avoid, cause headache, mania
SJW - avoid, SSRI action |
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What are the drug therapies for bipolar?
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Lithicarb (Lithium)
Zyprexa Noradrenalin, seratonin, dopamine inhibitors |
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What is the mechanism of action for lithium?
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Still unclear but thought to inhibit variety of second messenger systems such as cAMP, G-protein coupling and IP3 metabolism
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What are some side effects of lithium?
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Nausea
Vomiting Anorexia Drowsiness Lethargy Cognitive impairment Polyuria Tremor Muscle weakness |
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What are some nutrient/drug interactions with lithium?
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Sodium - Li causes depletion
Folic acid - beneficial L-tryptophan - beneficial |
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What are some herb/drug interactions with lithium?
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Diuretic herbs - may increase risk of toxicity
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What are the drug therapies for epilepsy?
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Benzo's
Phenytoin Carbamezepine Sodium valproate |
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What are some nutrient/drug interactions for anti-convulsants?
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Carnitine - beneficial, reduce side effects
Folate - beneficial B6 - may reduce drug effects Vit D - reduce levels, supplement |
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What are some herb/drug interactions with anti-convulsants?
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St marys - increased drug effects
SJW - reduced drug levels Kava - increased sedation |
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What is the gold standard of treatment for parkinson's?
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levodopa
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What are some nutrient/drug interactions for levodopa?
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Ca, Mg & Zn - reduce drug absorption
B6 - caution, can reduce drug amount and increase side effects |
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What are some supportive nutritional therapies that could be used for parkinson's
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5-HTP
Glutathione CoQ10 Green tea |
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What nutrients should be avoided with parkinson's?
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Iron
Manganese Magnesium Calcium |
