Ipc Vocab

Front 1

Covalent Bond

Back 1

shared electrons between two or more atoms
families 13-15
octet rule

Front 2

Ionic Bond

Back 2

gain/lose electrons
families 1,2,16,17
weaker than covalent, held by poles

Front 3

Metallic Bond

Back 3

electron cloud around multiple atoms
families 3-12
"communism"-pooled and divided resources (electrons)

Front 4

Endothermic

Back 4

reaction that absorbs heat
(NH4NO3 {Ammonium Nitrate} + H2O {Water} = cold)

Front 5

Exothermic

Back 5

reaction that releases heat
(NaOH {Sodium Hydroxide} + H2O {Water} = hot

Front 6

Exergonic

Back 6

lit. (all energy)
reaction that releases energy
(heat, sound, light, etc.)

Front 7

Endergonic

Back 7

reaction that absorbs energy

Front 8

Solution

Back 8

a homogenous mixture
can't see difference in substances
(air, lemonade, etc.)

Front 9

Solute

Back 9

what dissolves
(drink powder)

Front 10

Solvent

Back 10

what the solute dissolves into

Front 11

Polyatomic Ions

Back 11

lit. (multi-atoms ions)
compounds w/ more or less electrons (ionic compounds)

Front 12

Reactant

Back 12

substance that reacts with another in a chemical change

Front 13

Product

Back 13

What is formed or left by a chemical reaction

Front 14

Catalyst

Back 14

presence of which speeds up a reaction w/out being used up itself

Front 15

Ion

Back 15

an atom with more or less electrons than it is supposed to have, causing it to be positively or negatively charged (less=+, more=-)

Front 16

Isotope

Back 16

an atom with more neutrons than usual (increases At mass)

Front 17

Alkali Metals

Back 17

Family 1A
soft, silvery-white
+1 ions
react very strongly w/ water, acids, bases (most reactive fam)

Front 18

Alkaline Metals

Back 18

Family 2A
+2 ions
similar but not as extreme as F1

Front 19

Transition/Heavy Metals

Back 19

typical metals
ductile, malleable, conductive, high melting point

Front 20

Other Metals

Back 20

soft, malleable metals

Front 21

Non-metals

Back 21

not ductile or malleable
bad conductors
flaky or crumbly (sulfur)

Front 22

Metalloids

Back 22

properties of metals and non, in between

Front 23

Halogens

Back 23

Family 7A
-1 ions
react violently
2nd most reactive

Front 24

Noble Gases

Back 24

colorless, odorless
non-reactive
almost never form compounds

Front 25

Rare Earth Metals

Back 25

Lanthanide/Actinide series
heavy, most radioactive metals

Front 26

Dmitri Mendeleev

Back 26

1869- 1st person to make a periodic table of elements (Julias Meyer 2nd)

Front 27

Harry D. Hubbard

Back 27

1928- standardized the periodic table of elements

Front 28

Glen Seaborg

Back 28

1944- Lanthanide and Actinide series (two pulled out rows)

Front 29

Democritus

Back 29

400 BC
"Atomos"- Greek for "atom"
first with idea of small, basic building block of matter

Front 30

Robert Boyle

Back 30

1691- 1st to question traditional atom model

Front 31

John Dalton

Back 31

1803-Atoms: in-divisible/ destructable, make up matter; of same element are identical,diff are diff; only combine in small whole # ratios; neither made or destroyed

Front 32

J.J. Thompson

Back 32

1904- discovered electrons
"Plum Pudding" model

Front 33

Ernest Rutherford

Back 33

1911- nucleus hard+atom mostly empty w/ + particles around???????????????

Front 34

James Chadwick

Back 34

1932- discovered neutrons

Front 35

Niels Bohr

Back 35

1913- stated that electrons orbit

Front 36

Wave Theory

Back 36

Modern- electrons bounce randomly and found in energy levels

Front 37

Molecular Mass

Back 37

# of protons+neutrons in nucleus

Front 38

Synthesis

Back 38

reactants join together

Front 39

Decomposition (Rx Reactions)

Back 39

compound splits apart

Front 40

Single Replacement

Back 40

one reactant replaces part of another

Front 41

Double Replacement

Back 41

one part of each reactant splits off and swaps with the other

Front 42

Combustion

Back 42

one reactant undergoes decomposition and the other synthesizes partially with one and partially with the other

Front 43

Law of Conservation of Matter

Back 43

matter cannot be created or destroyed, but changed from one form to another

Front 44

Melt

Back 44

S-->L

Front 45

Evaporation

Back 45

L-->G

Front 46

Condensation

Back 46

G-->L

Front 47

Solidification (freeze)

Back 47

L-->S

Front 48

Sublimination

Back 48

S-->G

Front 49

Decomposition (phase changes)

Back 49

G-->S

Front 50

Mixture

Back 50

a mixture of substances that are not chemically bonded

Front 51

Pure Substance

Back 51

an element or mixture of substances that are chemically bonded

Front 52

Heterogeneous Mixture

Back 52

you can see the difference in the substances in the mixture

Front 53

Homogeneous Mixture

Back 53

you can't see the difference between substances in mixture (solution)

Front 54

Colloid

Back 54

cloudy solution where light illuminates particles but continues through

Front 55

Suspension

Back 55

large particles or chunks visibly float around in the solution