Ipc Final Vocabulary

Front 1

the first step in the scientific method which is using your senses to gather information

Back 1

observation

Front 2

a rule of nature that sums up related observations and experimental results to describe a pattern in nature

Back 2

scientific law

Front 3

the practical use of scientific information

Back 3

technology

Front 4

factor whose value depends upon the value of the independent variable

Back 4

dependent variable

Front 5

the factor adjusted by the experimenter

Back 5

independent variable

Front 6

the interval between two events

Back 6

time

Front 7

the amount of space occupied by an object

Back 7

volume

Front 8

the SI unit for temperature; zero K=absolute zero(the coldest possible temperature -276ºC)

Back 8

kelvin

Front 9

the mass per unit volume of a material

Back 9

density

Front 10

a measurement of the matter in an object

Back 10

mass

Front 11

tenth

Back 11

deci

Front 12

hundreth

Back 12

centi

Front 13

describes both speed and direction of an object

Back 13

velocity

Front 14

a push or a pull one body exerts on another

Back 14

force

Front 15

the rate of change in position, or “rate of motion”

Back 15

speed

Front 16

the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion

Back 16

inertia

Front 17

the rate of motion at any given instant

Back 17

instantaneous speed

Front 18

the greatest velocity reached by a falling object. Terminal velocity is best achieved when the force of gravity is balanced by air resistance

Back 18

terminal velocity

Front 19

human-made devices that orbit Earth for a specific purpose

Back 19

artificial satellite

Front 20

occurs when waste heat significantly changes the temperature of the environment

Back 20

thermal pollution

Front 21

energy in the form of motion

Back 21

kinetic energy

Front 22

stored energy

Back 22

potential energy

Front 23

the total amount of kinetic and potential energy in a system

Back 23

mechanical energy

Front 24

the first artificial satellite launched in 1957 by the Soviet Union

Back 24

Sputnik

Front 25

the study of matter and energy

Back 25

physical science

Front 26

a testable prediction

Back 26

hypothesis

Front 27

a factor that doesn’t vary in an experiment

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constant

Front 28

study of science for the sole purpose of advancing our knowledge

Back 28

pure science

Front 29

process that uses certain skills to solve a problem

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critical thinking

Front 30

in measurement, an exact quantity that everyone agrees to use as a basis of comparison; for example, a centimeter, meter, kilogram, cubic decimeter, liter, Kelvin, joule and so on

Back 30

standard

Front 31

a visual display of information or data

Back 31

graph

Front 32

the SI unit for time

Back 32

second

Front 33

used to measure small mass

Back 33

gram

Front 34

the SI basic unit of length (m) 100 cm=1 m

Back 34

meter

Front 35

of 100

Back 35

hecto

Front 36

of one-millionth

Back 36

milli

Front 37

the force that opposes motion between two surfaces that is touching each other

Back 37

friction

Front 38

the measure of the force of gravity on an object

Back 38

weight

Front 39

the total distance traveled divided by the total time of travel

Back 39

average speed

Front 40

a speed that does not vary

Back 40

constant speed

Front 41

forces on an object that are equal in size and opposite in direction

Back 41

balanced forces

Front 42

the force air exerts on a moving object

Back 42

air resistance

Front 43

anything that is thrown or shot in the air

Back 43

projectile

Front 44

is the unit scientists use to measure the amount of energy contained in different foods

Back 44

calorie

Front 45

the total energy of the particles in a material

Back 45

thermal energy

Front 46

the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram per Kelvin

Back 46

specific heat

Front 47

the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter

Back 47

temperature

Front 48

an explanation based on many observations

Back 48

theory

Front 49

a symbolic representation of an idea, system, or structure to make something understandable; they can help us solve problems and deal with things difficult to see because they are too large or too small

Back 49

model

Front 50

a standard for comparison

Back 50

control

Front 51

an organized procedure for testing a hypothesis

Back 51

experiment

Front 52

British scientist that the joule was named after

Back 52

James Joule

Front 53

is used to show how some fixed quantity is broken down into parts

Back 53

circle graph

Front 54

used to show trends or how the data change over time

Back 54

line graph

Front 55

is useful for comparing information collected by counting

Back 55

bar graph

Front 56

occupies the same volume as a cubic decimeter (dm³)

Back 56

liter

Front 57

units obtained by combining SI units

Back 57

derived unit

Front 58

of 1000

Back 58

kilo

Front 59

of 10

Back 59

deca

Front 60

every object in the universe exerts a force on every other object. This is gravity

Back 60

gravity

Front 61

the sum of the forces on an object when unbalanced forces are applied to it; it changes the object’s speed, direction, or both

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net force

Front 62

created the three laws of motion

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Issac Newton

Front 63

the rate of change in velocity

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acceleration

Front 64

created the pendulum

Back 64

Jean Foucault

Front 65

acceleration toward the center of a curved or circular path

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centripetal acceleration

Front 66

the force acting toward a center of a curved or circular path

Back 66

centripetal force

Front 67

a property a moving object has because of its mass and velocity

Back 67

momentum

Front 68

thermal energy that flows from something with a higher temperature to something with a lower temperature

Back 68

heat

Front 69

transfer of energy through motion

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work

Front 70

ability to cause change

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energy

Front 71

states that energy may change form but it cannot be created or destroyed under ordinary conditions

Back 71

law of conservation of energy

Front 72

what are the seven types of energy?

Back 72

1. mechanical
2. electrical
3. nuclear
4. chemical
5. heat/thermal
6. radiant/light
7. sound

Front 73

what are the five steps of the scientific method?

Back 73

1. Determine the problem (What do you want to find out?)
2. Make a hypothesis. (What prediction do you want to test?)
3. Test your hypothesis. (What steps can you take to reach a conclusion about your hypothesis? What measurements should you record?)
4. Analyze the results. (What happens during your experiment?)
5. Draw conclusions. (Do your observations and data suggest that your hypothesis is supported? If not, do you think your hypothesis should be changed, or do experimental procedures need adjustment?)

Front 74

what are Newton's three laws of motion?

Back 74

1. An object moving at a constant velocity keeps moving at that velocity unless a net force acts on it
2. A net force acting on an object causes that object to accelerate in the direction of the force
3. The action-reaction law; “to every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force”