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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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THREE MAJOR CONSEQUENCES OF SMOKE INHALATION
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IMPAIRED TISSUE OXYGENATION, THERMAL UPPER AIRWAY INJURY, AND CHEMICAL INJURY TO THE LUNG
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WHEN DO THE THREE CONSEQUENCES OF SMOKE INHALATION USUALLY OCCUR?
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USUALLY THEY OCCUR ALL AT THE SAME TIME WITH VARYING DEGREES OF SEVERITY
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WHAT CAUSES IMPAIRED TISSUE OXYGENATION IN SMOKE INHALATION (EMERGENCY- IMMEDIATELY LIFE THREATENING)?
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INHALATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE OR CYANIDE
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SYMPTOMS OF CARBON MONOXIDE INHALATION
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SEVERE HEADACHE OR ACUTELY ALTERED MENTAL STATUS; PATIENTS WILL BE CHERRY RED
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TREATMENT FOR CARBON MONOXIDE INHALATION
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HIGH FLOW OXYGEN OR HYPERBARIC OXYGEN AND SUPPORTIVE CARE
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SYMPTOMS OF CYANIDE INHALATION
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VARIED BUT INCLUDE HEADACHE, DIZZINESS, SYNCOPE, SEIZURES, DEATH
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TREATMENT FOR CYANIDE INHALATION
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USE OF CYANIDE ANTIDOTE KIT AND SUPPORTIVE CARE
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WHAT DOES CYANOKIT INCLUDE AND HOW DOES IT WORK?
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CONTAINS HYDROXOCOBALAMIN WHICH BINDS TO CYANIDE AND NEUTRALIZES IT SO THAT IT CAN BE HARMLESSLY ELIMINATED THROUGH URINE
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WHAT DOES CYANIDE DO TO THE BODY?
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DISRUPTS CELL FUNCTION AND PREVENTS TISSUES FROM TAKING UP OXYGEN
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SIDE EFFECTS OF CYANOKIT
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IS GIVEN IV AND WORKS INMMEDIATELY BUT CAN CAUSE TEMP DISCOLORATION OF SKIN AND URINE AS SIDE EFFECT
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WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF THERMAL INJURY?
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FROM INHALATION OF HOT GASES THAT INJURES MUCOSAL SURFACES
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HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO SEE COMPLICATIONS CAUSES BY THERMAL INJURY?
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OCCUR WITHIN 18-24 HOURS
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WHAT ARE THE COMPLICATIONS OF THERMAL INJURY?
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IMPAIRED ABILITY TO CLEAR ORAL SECRETIONS AND AIRWAY OBSTRUCTIONS (STRIDOR)
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TREATMENT OF THERMAL INJURY?
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HIGH HUMIDITY SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN AND GENTLE SUCTION OF SECRETION; INTUBATION IF NECESSARY TO MAINTAIN AIRWAY; MONITOR OXYGENATION STATUS WITH ABG OR PULSE OX CLOSELY AS THESE PATIENTS CAN SLIP IN RESPIRATORY FAILURE UNNOTICED
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WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF CHEMICAL INJURY?
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RESULTS FROM THE TOXIC GASES PRODUCED BY COMBUSTION
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RESULT OF CHEMICAL INJURY
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BRONCHORRHEA AND BRONCHOSPASM EARLY WITH POSSIBLE LABORED BREATHING AND CYANOSIS; ARDS MAY FOLLOW IN 1-2 DAYS
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IF BRONCHIAL SLOUGHING OCCURS IN CHEMICAL INJURY WHAT DOES IT CAUSE?
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OBSTRUCTION, ATELECTASIS, AND INCREASING HYPOXEMIA; OFTEN PNEUMONIA 5-7 DAYS AFTER EXPOSURE
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ATELECTASIS
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A COMPLETE OR PARTIAL COLLAPSE OF A LUNG- NO GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS IN THE ALVEOLI
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TREATMENT OF SMOKE INHALATION INCLUDES
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SUPPLEMENTAL O2, BRONCHODILATORS, PULMONARY TOILET (SUCTION), ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION, CHEST PT, HUMIDIFIED O2, AND SOME MAY NEED MECHANICAL VENTILATION
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WHAT IS THE PROGNOSIS FOR SMOKE INHALATION PATIENTS?
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OVER 50% WITH SEVERE BODY BURNS AND SMOKE INHALATION DIE
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WHEN PATIENTS SURVIVE SMOKE INHALATION/BURNS, WE MONITOR CLOSELY FOR BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS. WHAT IS IT?
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rare and life-threatening form of non-reversible obstructive lung disease in which the bronchioles (small airway branches) are compressed and narrowed by fibrosis (scar tissue) or inflammation
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WHAT DOES THE CXR SHOW IN BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS?
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GROUND GLASS OR ALVEOLAR INFILTRATES
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WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF HYDROCARBON PNEUMONITIS?
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CAUSED BY INGESTION OF PETROLEUM DISTILLATES
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WHAT IS THE MAIN CAUSE OF THE LUNG INJURY IN HYDROCARBON PNEUMONITIS?
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MAINLY FROM VOMITING AND SECONDARY ASPIRATION
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WHAT IS THE THERAPY FOR HYDROCARBON PNEUMONITIS?
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THERAPY IS SUPPORTIVE- PROTECT LUNGS FROM REPEATED ASPIRATION WITH CUFFED ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE IF NECESSARY
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WHAT IS PNEUMOCONIOSIS?
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CHRONIC FIBROUS LUNG DISEASES CAUSED BY INHALATION OF COAL DUST AND VARIOUS INERT, INORGANIC, OR SILICATE DUSTS
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TREATMENT FOR PNEUMOCONIOSIS?
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SUPPORTIVE
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S/S IN PNEUMOCONIOSIS
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USUALLY ASYMPTOMATIC; MAY APPEAR IN CXR AS DIFFUSE SMALL OPACITIES
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WHAT CAUSES SILICOSIS?
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EXTENSIVE OR PROLONGED INHALATION OF FREE SILICA PARTICLES FORMING SMALL ROUNDED OPACITIES THROUGHOUT THE LUNG
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WHAT IS A STRONG INDICATOR OF SILICOSIS
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EGGSHELL CALCIFICATION SEEN ON CXR
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S/S IN SIMPLE SILICOSIS
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USUALLY ASYMPTOMATIC
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WHAT DOES COMPLICATED SILICOSIS LEAD TO?
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LARGE CONGLOMERATE DENSITIES IN UPPER LUNG AND ACCOMPANIED BY DYSPNEA AND OBSTRUCTIVE AND RESTRICTIVE PULMONARY DYSFUNCTION
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THE INCIDENCE OF THIS CONDITION IS INCREASED WITH SMOKING
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CHRONIC SILICOSIS
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WHAT TEST SHOULD BE DONE FOR ALL SILICOSIS PATIENTS?
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A TB TEST AND CURRENT CXR
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IF TB IS SUSPECTED IN SILICOSIS PATIENTS (B/C THEY HAVE SYMPTOMS LIKE NIGHT SWEATS, HEMOPTYSIS, AND WEIGHT LOSS)
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TREAT WITH MULTIDRUG THERAPY
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WHAT HAPPENS IN ASBESTOSIS?
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NODULAR INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS
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WHAT ARE S/S OF ASBESTOSIS?
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SYMPTOMATIC DYSPNEA, INSPIRATORY CRACKLES, AND IN SOME CASES, CLUBBING AND CYANOSIS
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WHAT WILL BE SEEN ON CXR OF ASBESTOSIS?
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INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS, THICKENED PLEURA, CALCIFIED PLAQUES ON DIAPHRAGMS OR LATER CHEST WALL
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SYMPTOMS OF ASBESTOSIS
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DYSPNEA, INSPIRATORY CRACKLES, AND IN SOME CASES, CLUBBING AND CYANOSIS
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WHAT DOES THE CXR IN ASBESTOSIS SHOW?
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INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS, THICKENED PLEURA, CALCIFIED PLAQUES (PLEURAL) ON DIAPHRAGMS OR LATER CHEST WALL
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WHAT INCREASES THE PREVALENCE OF XRAY CHANGES AND MAY INTERFERE WITH CLEARANCE OF SHORT ASBESTOS FIBERS FROM THE LUNGS?
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SMOKING
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WHAT DO THE PFT'S IN ASBESTOSIS PATIENTS SHOW?
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DYSFUNCTION AND REDUCED DIFFUSING CAPACITY
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THIS IS AN ASTHMA LIKE DISORDER IN TEXTILE WORKERS CAUSED BY INHALATION OF COTTON DUST
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SYMPTOMS OF BYSSINOSIS- CHEST TIGHTNESS, COUGH, DYSPNEA- USUALLY WORSE ON MON AND BETTER LATER IN WEEK
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REPEATED EXPOSURE TO COTTON DUST CAUSES WHAT?
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CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
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WHAT IS OBESITY-HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME (PICKWICKIAN SYNDROME)
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IN EXTREMELY OBESE INDIVIDUALS CHAR. BY HYPERCAPNIA, HYPOXEMIA, ELEVATED HEMATOCRIT
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THERAPY FOR OBESITY-HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME
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WEIGHT LOSS AND PROVERA (MEDROXYPROGESTERONE) TO INCREASE VENTILATIONS
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WHAT IS THE ACUTE TX FOR A PT WITH OBESITY HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME?
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HAVE PATIENT HYPERVENTILATE AND PCO2 AND O2 RETURN TO NORMAL
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MAJOR COMPLICATION OF PICKWICKIAN SYNDROME
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OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA WHICH CAN LEAD TO CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, CHF COR PULMONALE; MUST TREATE WITH APNEA MONITOR AND MAY NEED TRACHEOTOMY
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