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258 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
TYPE I A-C SEPARATION
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THE AC JOINT LIGAMENTS ARE PARTIALLY OR COMPLETELY DISRUPTED, BUT THE STRONG CORACOCLAVICULAR (CC) LIGAMENTS ARE INTACT
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TYPE OF A-C SEPARATION WHERE THE AC JOINT LIGAMENTS ARE PARTIALLY OR COMPLETELY DISRUPTED, BUT THE STING CORACOCLAVICULAR (CC) LIGAMENTS ARE INTACT
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TYPE I A-C SEPARATION
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TYPE II A-C SEPARATION
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THE AC LIGAMENTS ARE TORN, AND THE CC LIGAMENTS ARE PARTIALLY DISRUPTED
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TYPE OF A-C SEPARATION WHERE THE AC LIGAMENTS ARE TORN AND THE CC LIGAMENTS ARE PARTIALLY DISRUPTED
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TYPE II A-C SEPARATION
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TYPE III A-C SEPARATION
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THE AC AND CC LIGAMENTS ARE COMPLETELY DISRUPTED, AND THERE IS COMPLETE SEPARATION OF THE CLAVICLE FROM THE ACROMION
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THE TYPE OF A-C SEPARATION WHERE THE AC AND CC LIGAMENTS ARE COMPLETELY DISRUPTED, AND THERE IS COMPLETE SEPARATION OF THE CLAVICLE FROM THE ACROMION
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TYPE III A-C SEPARATION
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TYPE IV A-C SEPARATION
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THE CLAVICLE IS DISPLACED POSTERIORLY AND IS EMBEDDED IN THE TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE
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THE CLAVICLE IS DISPLACED POSTERIORLY AND IS EMBEDDED IN THE TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE
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TYPE IV A-C SEPARATION
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TYPE V A-C SEPARATION
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SHOW THE C-C SPACE TO BE INCREASED OVER 100% OF THAT SEEN IN THE OPPOSITE SHOULDER ON X RAY
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TYPE VI A-C SEPARATION
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RARE AND SHOW THE DISTAL END OF THE CLAVICLE TO LIE EITHER IN THE SUBACROMIAL OR SUBCORACOID SPACE
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ACUTE TREATMENT FOR TYPE I TO III A-C SEPARATION
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NON-OPERATIVE TX: SHOULDER IMMOBILIZER OR SLING AND SWATHE, ICE, REST AND PAIN MEDICATION, NSAIDS, ACTIVITY MODIFICATION; PT; INJECTIONS WITH OR WITHOUT STEROIDS
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WHAT IS THE TX FOR TYPE III A-C SEPARATIONS?
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MOST CAN BE TREATED NON OPERATIVELY, BUT REFER ANYWAY TO ORTHO BECAUSE SOME MAY REQUIRE SURGERY
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WHAT IS THE TX FOR TYPE IV, V, AND VI A-C SEPARATIONS?
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EVALUATION FOR OPERATIVE REPAIR; PROCEDURE KNOWN AS DISTAL CLAVICLE RESECTION (MUMFORD PROCEDURE)
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WHAT IS CT SCAN GOOD FOR IMAGING?
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BONE; EXCELLENT FOR DEMONSTRATING BONY CHANGES AND DEGREE OF CALCIFICATION WITHIN A LESION
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WHAT IS MRI GOOD FOR IMAGING?
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SOFT TISSUE; BETTER FOR MALIGNANT TUMORS B/C IT IS BETTER ABLE TO DEFINE EXTENSION OF THE LESION THROUGH THE MEDULLARY CANAL AND INTO SURROUNDING MUSCLE COMPARTMENTS?
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WHAT IS AN OSTEOID OSTEOMA?
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BENIGN TUMOR OF BONE, ASSOCIATED WITH NIGHT PAIN AND RELIVED WITH ASA
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MOST COMMON CLAVICLE FRACTURE
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MIDDLE 1/3
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HOW COMMON ARE LATERAL AND MEDIAL CLAVICLE FRACTURES?
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15% AND 5%, RESPECTIVELY
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TREATMENT FOR CLAVICLE FRACTURE
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NON-OPERATIVE: ARM SLING FOR 4-6 WKS IN ADULT, 3-4 WKS IN KIDS
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HOW IS A CLAVICLE FRACTURE DIAGNOSED?
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AP RADIOGRAPH WITH OR WITHOUT WEIGHTS; REPEAT IN 6-8 WEEKS TO CONFIRM HEALING
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WHAT IS ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS OR "FROZEN SHOULDER"?
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GLENOHUMORAL MOTION THAT WILL PROGRESS FROM AN EARLY FREEZING PHASE OF PAIN AND PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF MOTION TO A THAWING PHASE OF DECREASING DISCOMFORT ASSOCIATED WITH A SLOW BUT STEADY IMPROVEMENT IN RANGE OF MOTION
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RECOVERY TIME FOR ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS?
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6 MONTHS TO 2 YEARS
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TREATMENT FOR PAIN AND RESTRICTED GLENOHUMERAL MOTION THAT ACCOMPANY ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS?
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NSAID'S, STRETCHING, WARM COMPRESS
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RISK FACTOR FOR ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS
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DIABETES MELLITUS, ESPECIALLY TYPE 1 IS THE MOST COMMON RISK FACTOR
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WHAT WILL A PLAIN RADIOGRAPH OF ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS SHOW?
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OSTEOPENIC APPEARANCE OF BONE
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WHAT WILL A ARTHROGRAPHY OF A ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS SHOW?
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REDUCED SIZE OF THE CAPSULAR AXILLARY FOLD (CAUSED BY SCARRING OF THE CAPSULE)
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WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR BICIPITAL TENDONITIS?
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ACTIVITY MODIFICATION, NSAIDS, TYLENOL, OR ASA, MODALITIES LIKE ULTRASOUND OR IONTOPHORESIS, STEROID INJECTIONS, ROTATOR CUFF STRENGTHENING
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IN WHAT GROUP DO PROXIMAL LONG HEAD BICEPS RUPTURES TAKE PLACE?
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MOST OFTEN IN OLDER ADULTS
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WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR LONG HEAD BICEPS RUPTURES?
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NON OPERATIVE TX FOR MOST, RESULTING IN LITTLE LOSS OF FUNCTION AND ACCEPTABLE COSMETIC DEFORMITY (BULGE) IN LOWER ARM; ACTIVITY MODIFICATION IN A SLING FOR 6 WEEKS, NSAIDS, PT FOR ROM AND STRENGTHENING
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WHAT GROUP MOST COMMONLY HAS DISTAL LONG HEAD BICEPS RUPTURE?
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YOUNG PEOPLE
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WHAT IS THE TX FOR DISTAL LONG HEAD BICEPS RUPTURE?
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OFTEN SURGICAL REPAIR; OFTEN OCCUR IN YOUNG ADULTS, MANUAL LABORERS, AND ATHLETES WHO NEED THE STRENGTH OF THE EXTREMITY FOR THEIR ACTIVITIES
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WHAT IS THE LOSS OF FUNCTIONALITY IN PROXIMAL BICEPS RUPTURES?
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10% OF ELBOW FLEXION AND FOREARM SUPINATION STRENGTH MAY BE LOST; COSMETIC DEFORMITY ALSO OCCURS
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WHAT IS THE LOSS OF FUNCTIONALITY IN DISTAL BICEPS RUPTURES?
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30-50%
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TORUS FRACTURE
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BUCKLE FRACTURE IN KIDS; COMPRESSION OF BONE
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GREEN STICK FRACTURE
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PARTIAL THICKNESS BREAK OF THE BONE COMMON IN KIDS DUE TO THE THICK PERIOSTEUM
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SPIRAL FRACTURE
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AN OBLIQUE FRACTURE THAT ROTATES AROUND THE SHAFT OF THE BONE
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OBLIQUE FRACTURE
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CLEAN BREAK ON AN ANGLE
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TRANSVERSE FRACTURE
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CLEAN BREAK HORIZONTALLY
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SEGMENTED FRACTURE
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LARGE PIECES, BROKEN IN MORE THAN ONE LOCATION
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COMMINUTED FRACTURE
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SMALL FRAGMENTS, THREE OR MORE IN A SINGLE LOCATION
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TYPE I SALTER-HARRIS FRACTURE
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OCCULT (HIDDEN) ENERGY WAS TRANSFERRED THROUGH THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE
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TYPE 2 SALTER-HARRIS FRACTURE
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BREAK THROUGH THE LONG BONE, ENERGY EXITS THE PLATE
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TYPE 3 SALTER-HARRIS FRACTURE
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ENTERS THE GROWTH PLATE, EXITS THE JOINT; BREAKS THE PLATE IN TWO
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TYPE 4 SALTER-HARRIS FRACTURE
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BREAK THROUGH THE LONG BONE, AND THEN BREAKS THROUGH THE PLATE
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TYPE 5 SALTER-HARRIS FRACTURE
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CRUSH INJURY AT THE GROWTH PLATE (BUCKLE)
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DELAYED UNION
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SLOWER THAN NORMAL HEALING
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NON UNION
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GREATER THAN 6 MONTHS WITHOUT HEALING
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MALUNION
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HEALING WITH UNACCEPTABLE DEFORMITY
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BONE INFECTION CAUSED BY PYOGENIC ORGANISMS, TB, SYPHILIS, AND VIRAL OR FUNGAL ELEMENTS
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OSTEOMYELITIS
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MOST COMMON CAUSATIVE ORGANISMS FOR OSTEOMYELITIS (TOP 2)
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STAPH AUREUS...FOLLOWED BY HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI
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FIRST SYMPTOM OF OSTEOMYELITIS
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UNRELENTING PAIN
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SYMPTOMS OF OSTEOMYELITIS
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UNRELENTING PAIN, FEVER, LOCALIZED TENDERNESS, FLUSHED APPEARANCE
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WHAT LEADS TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND SITE OF ASPIRATION FOR OSTEOMYELITIS?
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FOCAL BONE TENDERNESS
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WORKUP FOR OSTEOMYELITIS
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WBC, ESR, CRP, X RAYS, BLOOD CULTURE, ASPIRATION OF THE EXPECTED SITE****
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WHAT WILL EARLY X RAYS IN OSTEOMYELITIS SHOW?
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WILL BE NEGATIVE OR SHOW ONLY SOFT TISSUE SWELLING; SHOULD BE OBTAINED TO RULE OUT OTHER CONDITIONS
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TX FOR OSTEOMYELITIS
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IV ANTIBIOTICS ASAP
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WHY DOES SEPTIC ARTHRITIS USUALLY OCCUR?
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AS A RESULT OF INOCULATION OF A JOINT BY BACTERIA
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WHAT JOINTS DOES SEPTIC ARTHRITIS MOST OFTEN AFFECT?
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THE LARGE JOINTS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES AND OCCASIONALLY THE SACROILIAC JOINT
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HOW DO JOINT INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN (MOST COMMON) DEVELOP?
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AS A RESULT OF HEMATOGENOUS SEEDING FROM SOURCES SUCH AS RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS OF IMPETIGO OR BY DIRECT EXTENSION FROM PENETRATING WOUNDS OR AN ADJACENT OSTEOMYELITIS
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WHEN YOU SEE HEMATOGENOUS SEPTIC ARTHRITIS IN ADULTS, WHAT CONDITIONS MOST LIKELY EXIST ALSO?
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AN ASSOCIATED ARTHRITIC CONDITION SUCH AS RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS OR AN UNDERLYING MEDICAL CONDITION THAT AFFECTS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
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WHAT JOINT DO GONORRHEAL INFECTIONS MOST OFTEN CAUSE SEPTIC ARTHRITIS?
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THE KNEE
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SYMPTOMS OF AN INFANT OF CHILD WITH SEPTIC ARTHRITIS
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SERIOUSLY AND ACUTELY ILL, WITH HIGH FEVER, TACHYCARDIA, IRRITABILITY, AND PAIN WITH MOTION IN ANY LIMB; CHILDREN WHO CAN WALK WILL REFUCE
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OLDER PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS WITH A TOTAL JOINT ARTHROPLASTY MAY PRESENT HOW?
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THEY MAY HAVE ONLY A VAGUE SENSE OF DISCOMFORT IN THE JOINT
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HOW LONG AFTER INOCULATION CAN YOU DETECT ARTICULAR CARTILAGE DAMAGE IN SEPTIC ARTHRITIS? WHAT CAUSES THE DAMAGE?
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CAN BE DETECTED WITH 48 TO 72 HOURS; CAUSE BY THE RELEASE OF PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES FROM THE BACTERIA, NEUTROPHILS, AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY CELLS RELEASED AGAINST BACTERIA
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PHYSICAL EXAM OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS
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MAY FIND THE SOURCE OF INFECTION (LIKE A FURUNCLE OR ABSCESS OR PENETRATING WOUND NEAR SITE), PASSIVE MOTION OF THE JOINT WILL CAUSE SEVERE PAIN, PALPATION OF THE JOINT WILL SHOW WARMTH AND EFFUSION
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WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ACTION TO TAKE WHEN YOU SUSPECT JOINT INFECTION?
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ASPIRATE IMMEDIATELY AND ANALYZE THE JOINT FLUID
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WHAT DOES ANALYSIS OF SYNOVIAL FLUID IN SEPTIC ARTHRITIS SHOW?
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A WBC OF GREATER THAN 50,000 PER MM3, OFTEN THE WBC IS OVER 100,000
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CAUSES OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS IN NEONATES (PATHOGENS)
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STAPH AUREUS, GROUP B STREP
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CAUSES OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS IN KIDS LESS THAN 5
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S. AUREUS, GROUP A STREP, STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE, HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE
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CAUSES OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS IN KIDS GREATER THAN 5 AND ADOLESCENTS
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S. AUREUS
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CAUSES OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNGER ADULTS
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N. GONORRHOEAE, S. AUREUS
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CAUSES OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS IN OLDER ADULTS
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S. AUREUS
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IF YOU FAIL TO IMMEDIATELY TREATE SEPTIC ARTHRITIS IN THE HIP JOINT OF A YOUNG CHILD, WHAT IS THE RESULT?
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SUBLUXATION, DISLOCATION, AND OR OSTEONECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD
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TREATMENT OF CHOICE FOR SEPTIC ARTHRITIS
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PROMPT IV ANTIBIOTICS AND JOINT DRAINAGE
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MOST COMMON COMPARTMENTS WITH COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
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ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG AND THE VOLAR ASPECT OF THE FOREARM
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SYMPTOMS OF COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
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PAIN THAT IS DISPROPORTIONATE TO THE INJURY AND SENSORY HYPOESTHESIA DISTAL TO THE INVOLVED COMPARTMENT THAT ARE CHARACTERISTIC EARLY SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
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WHAT WILL PE SHOW IN COMPARTMENT SYNDROME?
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EXTREME PAIN ON STRETCHING OF LONG MUSCLES THAT PASS THROUGH A COMPARTMENT
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WHAT IS A STRYKER MONITOR?
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NEEDLE PRESSURE DEVICE USED TO MEASURE IN COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
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WHEN IS THE STRYKER TEST INDICATIVE OF COMPARTMENT SYNDROME?
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COMPARTMENT SYNDROME WHEN DIASTOLIC PRESSURE MINUS THE INTRACOMPARTMENTAL PRESSURE IS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 30 MM HG OR AN ABSOLUTE PRESSURE OF 40 MM HG OR HIGHER WITHIN THE COMPARTMENT
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TREATMENT FOR COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
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SURGICAL FASCIOTOMY- WOUND IS LEFT OPEN WITH DELAYED CLOSURE OR SKIN GRAFTING PERFORMED AFTER SWELLING HAS SUBSIDED
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WHAT JOINT DO GONORRHEAL INFECTIONS MOST OFTEN CAUSE SEPTIC ARTHRITIS?
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THE KNEE
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SYMPTOMS OF AN INFANT OF CHILD WITH SEPTIC ARTHRITIS
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SERIOUSLY AND ACUTELY ILL, WITH HIGH FEVER, TACHYCARDIA, IRRITABILITY, AND PAIN WITH MOTION IN ANY LIMB; CHILDREN WHO CAN WALK WILL REFUCE
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OLDER PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS WITH A TOTAL JOINT ARTHROPLASTY MAY PRESENT HOW?
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THEY MAY HAVE ONLY A VAGUE SENSE OF DISCOMFORT IN THE JOINT
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HOW LONG AFTER INOCULATION CAN YOU DETECT ARTICULAR CARTILAGE DAMAGE IN SEPTIC ARTHRITIS? WHAT CAUSES THE DAMAGE?
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CAN BE DETECTED WITH 48 TO 72 HOURS; CAUSE BY THE RELEASE OF PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES FROM THE BACTERIA, NEUTROPHILS, AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY CELLS RELEASED AGAINST BACTERIA
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PHYSICAL EXAM OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS
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MAY FIND THE SOURCE OF INFECTION (LIKE A FURUNCLE OR ABSCESS OR PENETRATING WOUND NEAR SITE), PASSIVE MOTION OF THE JOINT WILL CAUSE SEVERE PAIN, PALPATION OF THE JOINT WILL SHOW WARMTH AND EFFUSION
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WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ACTION TO TAKE WHEN YOU SUSPECT JOINT INFECTION?
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ASPIRATE IMMEDIATELY AND ANALYZE THE JOINT FLUID
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WHAT DOES ANALYSIS OF SYNOVIAL FLUID IN SEPTIC ARTHRITIS SHOW?
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A WBC OF GREATER THAN 50,000 PER MM3, OFTEN THE WBC IS OVER 100,000
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CAUSES OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS IN NEONATES (PATHOGENS)
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STAPH AUREUS, GROUP B STREP
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CAUSES OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS IN KIDS LESS THAN 5
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S. AUREUS, GROUP A STREP, STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE, HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE
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CAUSES OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS IN KIDS GREATER THAN 5 AND ADOLESCENTS
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S. AUREUS
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CAUSES OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNGER ADULTS
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N. GONORRHOEAE, S. AUREUS
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CAUSES OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS IN OLDER ADULTS
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S. AUREUS
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IF YOU FAIL TO IMMEDIATELY TREATE SEPTIC ARTHRITIS IN THE HIP JOINT OF A YOUNG CHILD, WHAT IS THE RESULT?
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SUBLUXATION, DISLOCATION, AND OR OSTEONECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD
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TREATMENT OF CHOICE FOR SEPTIC ARTHRITIS
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PROMPT IV ANTIBIOTICS AND JOINT DRAINAGE
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MOST COMMON COMPARTMENTS WITH COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
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ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG AND THE VOLAR ASPECT OF THE FOREARM
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SYMPTOMS OF COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
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PAIN THAT IS DISPROPORTIONATE TO THE INJURY AND SENSORY HYPOESTHESIA DISTAL TO THE INVOLVED COMPARTMENT THAT ARE CHARACTERISTIC EARLY SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
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WHAT WILL PE SHOW IN COMPARTMENT SYNDROME?
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EXTREME PAIN ON STRETCHING OF LONG MUSCLES THAT PASS THROUGH A COMPARTMENT
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WHAT IS A STRYKER MONITOR?
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NEEDLE PRESSURE DEVICE USED TO MEASURE IN COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
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WHEN IS THE STRYKER TEST INDICATIVE OF COMPARTMENT SYNDROME?
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COMPARTMENT SYNDROME WHEN DIASTOLIC PRESSURE MINUS THE INTRACOMPARTMENTAL PRESSURE IS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 30 MM HG OR AN ABSOLUTE PRESSURE OF 40 MM HG OR HIGHER WITHIN THE COMPARTMENT
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TREATMENT FOR COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
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SURGICAL FASCIOTOMY- WOUND IS LEFT OPEN WITH DELAYED CLOSURE OR SKIN GRAFTING PERFORMED AFTER SWELLING HAS SUBSIDED
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CORRELATE "PAIN OUT OF PROPORTION TO INJURY" PRIMARILY WITH WHAT CONDITION?
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COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME
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WHAT CHARACTERIZES TYPE I CRPS OR REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY (RSD)?
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PAIN THAT EXTENDS BEYOND THE AREA SUPPLIED BY A PERIPHERAL NERVE AND IS OUT OF PROPORTION TO THE INCITING EVENT
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TYPE II (CAUSALGIA) IS SIMILAR TO TYPE I (RSD SYNDROME) CRPS EXCEPT FOR WHAT?
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IT FOLLOWS A NERVE INJURY
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MOST COMMON INJURY THAT PRECIPITATES RSD
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A DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURE
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DESCRIBE PHASE I OF CRPS
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FIRST 3 MONTHS, SEVERE BURNING AND THROBBING PAIN, SWELLING, SWEATING, RED AND BLUE SKIN CHANGES, INCREASED HAIR AND NAIL GROWTH
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DESCRIBE PHASE II OF CRPS
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AFTER 3 MONTHS, MILDER PERSISTENT PAIN, PALE AND WAXY SKIN WITH LOSS OF SKIN LINES, JOINT STIFFNESS, MUSCLE SPASM, AND BRITTLE NAILS
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DESCRIBE PHASE III OF CRPS
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JOINT CONTRACTURE, MOTION LOSS, RETURN OF SEVERE PERSISTENT PAIN, MUSCLE AND SKIN ATROPHY
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TREATMENT FOR CRPS
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IMMEDIATE REFERRAL TO THERAPIST, NEUROLOGY CONSULT, RX- NUERONTIN, ELAVIL, AND NARCOTICS; PAIN SPECIALIST FOR NERVE BLOCKS, ORAL STEROIDS AND NSAIDS ARE NOT RECOMMENDED
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WHAT IS THE RECOVERY TIME FOR CRPS?
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LONG SLOW RECOVERY AND MAY NOT RETURN TO 100%
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MONOSODIUM URATE CRYSTAL DEPOSITION
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GOUT
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MOT FREQUENT MANIFESTATION OF GOUT
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ARTHRITIS
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MOST COMMON SITE OF GOUT DEPOSITION
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METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT OF THE GREAT TOE (PODAGRA)
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CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF GOUT
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BEGINS IN SINGLE JOINT WITH SYMPTOMS FIRST COMING AT NIGHT, OVERLYING ERYTHEMA THAT RESEMBLES CELLULITIS OR SEPTIC JOINT, PAIN AND SWELLING OR INTENSE, TOPHI OR SOFT TISSUE MASSES SEVERAL YEARS FOLLOWING ONSET
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WHAT ARE TOPHI?
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SOFT TISSUE MASSES RESULTING FROM URATE CRYSTAL DEPOSITION (NOTED IN GOUT SEVERAL YEARS FOLLOWING ONSET)
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CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE DEPOSITION
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PSEUGOGOUT
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MOST COMMONLY INVOLVED JOINT IN PSEUDOGOUT
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KNEE; AS WELL AS OTHER LARGE JOINTS
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WHAT IS THE MANIFESTATION OF PSEUDOGOUT
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CRYSTALS RESIDE IN CARTILAGE WITHIN JOINTS AND SHED INTO THE JOINT, CAUSING DEPOSITION
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CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF PSEUDOGOUT
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CHONDROCALCINOSIS (CALCIFICATION OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE OR MENISCUS, USUALLY AT THE PERIPHERY OF THE JOINT)
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WHAT IS CHONDROCALCINOSIS?
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CALCIFICATION OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE OR MENISCUS, USUALLY AT THE PERIPHERY OF A JOINT
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PATIENTS WITH PSEUDOGOUT WILL HAVE ___________ MOTION AND NO _____________. PAIN IS USUALLY _________.
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NORMAL; SWELLING/ERYTHEMA; MILD
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IF YOU SUSPECT SEPTIC ARTHRITIS, WHAT DO YOU DO?
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OBTAIN A GRAM STAIN AND CULTURE OF THE SYNOVIAL FLUID
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MOST COMMON JOINT FOR PSEUDOGOUT
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KNEE MOST COMMON
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PAIN LEVEL IN PSEUDOGOUT
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USUALLY MILD PAIN
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PAIN LEVEL IN GOUT
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MODERATE TO SEVERE PAIN
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TOPHI- GOUT OR PSEUDOGOUT?
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GOUT
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CHONDROCALCINOSIS- GOUT OR PSEUDOGOUT
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PSEUDOGOUT
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GOUT OR PSEUDOGOUT- 1ST MTP JOINT MOST COMMON
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GOUT
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WHAT IS CRITICAL IN ACUTE ARTHRITIS?
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JOINT ASPIRATION AND ANALYSIS OF SYNOVIAL FLUID
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IF YOU EXAMINE JOOINT FLUID IN EXPECTED PSEUDOGOUT WHAT SHOULD BE SEEN?
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UNDER POLARIZED MICROSCOPE, THE CHARACTERISTIC WEAKLY POSITIVE, BIREFRINGENT RHOMBOID-SHAPED CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE CRYSTALS
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WHAT LABS SHOULD BE DONE IN SUSPECTED GOUT?
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SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS (90% UNDERECRETE URIC ACID IN URINE)
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TREATMENT FOR ACUTE GOUT
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ACUTE GOUT- COLCHICINE OR INDOMETHACIN; ASPIRATION AND INJECTION WITH CORTICOSTEROID
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TREATMENT FOR CHRONIC GOUT
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ANTURANE OR PROBENECID FOR UNDERSECRETERS, ALLOPURINAL FOR OVERPRODUCERS; SMALL DAILY DOSES OF COLCHILINE OR INDOMETHACIN MAY LIMIT SYMPTOMS IF GIVEN AT FIRST SIGN OF INFLAMMATION
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WHAT IS DISH?
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DIFFUSE IDIOPATHIC SKELETAL HYPEROTOSIS
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NORMAL AGE FOR PRESENTATION OF BRONCHIOGENIC CARCINOMA
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50-70, FEW LESS THAN 40
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WHAT IS THE GREATEST RISK FACTOR FOR LUNG CANCER?
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SMOKING
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PRIMARY LUNG CANCERS IN THIS GROUP ARE RARE
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NONSMOKERS
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FOUR TYPES OF LUNG CANCER
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SQUAMOUS CELL, SMALL CELL, LARGE CELL, ADENOCARCINOMA
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WHERE DOES SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF LUNGS ORIGINATE?
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IN CENTRAL BRONCHI AS INTRALUMINAL GROWTH
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WHERE DOES SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA MET TO?
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REGIONAL LYMPH NODES
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MOST COMMON LUNG CANCERS
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SQUAMOUS CELL AND ADENOCARCINOMA
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THIS LUNG CANCER OCCURS CENTRALLY AND TENDS TO NARROW BRONCHI BY EXTRINSIC COMPRESSION
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SMALL CELL CARCINOMA
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WHERE DOES SMALL CELL CARCINOMA MET TO?
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WIDESPREAD METASTASES COMMON
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WHAT IS THE PROGNOSIS FOR SMALL CELL CARCINOMA OF LUNGS?
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UNTREATED 6 TO 14 WEEKS; TREATED 40 TO 70 WEEKS
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THESE TWO LUNG CANCERS RESEMBLE EACH OTHER IN CLINICAL BEHAVIOR
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ADENOCARCINOMA AND LARGE CELL
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WHERE DO ADENOCARCINOMA AND LARGE CELL USUALLY APPEAR AND METASTASIZE?
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APPEAR IN PERIPHERY AND MET TO DISTANT ORGANS
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SIGNS ANS SYMPTOMS OF LARGE CELL AND ADENOCARCINOMA
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OFTEN ASSYMPTOMATIC, USUALLY NON SPECIFIC COMPLAINTS LIKE POOR APPETITE, WEIGHT LOSS, POOR APPETITE, COUGH, DYSPNEA, HOARSENESS, AND HEMOPTYSIS; PE MAY BE NORMAL; XRAY MAY HAVE MANY OR NO ABNORMALITIES; MAY HAVE HEPATOMEGALY OR LYMPHADENOPATHY
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POSTERIOR DISPLACEMENT OF THE EYE
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ENOPTHLAMOS
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WHAT ARE PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES?
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NON LUNG SYNDROMES THAT YOU OFTEN SEE BEFORE DIAGNOSING CANCER; MAY CURE AS LUNG CANCER TUMORS ARE CURED OR MADE SMALLER
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EXAMPLES OF PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES?
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SIADH, CUSHING'S, HYPERCALCINEMIA, CLUBBING OF FINGERS, DIC, ETC.
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SMALL CELL CANCER CAN CAUSE SIADH. WHAT IS IT?
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SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRAITE SECRETION OF ADH
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IF YOU HAVE A SUPERIOR VENA CAVA OBSTRUCTION, WHAT WILL IT CAUSE?
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PROGRESSIVE OBSTRUCTION OF VENOUS DRAINAGE OF HEAD, NECK, AND UPPER EXTREMETITES
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LAB WORK UP FOR ALL LUNG CANCERS
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CBC, LFT, LYTES WITH CALCIUM, CXR NORMALLY ABNORMAL, CYTOLOGY IS DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS- THROUGH SPUTUM
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DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS FOR LUNG CANCER
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CYTOLOGY- NEEDLE BIOPSY, PLEURAL FLUID, LYMPH NODE BIOPSY, BIOPSY TO MET SITES, OPEN THORACOTOMY, AND DIRECT VISULAIZATION
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WHAT IS ESSENTAIL TO DETERMINING STAGING, TX, AND PROGNOSIS FOR LUNG CANCER?
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KNOWING THE SPECIFIC CANCER TYPE
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WHAT CAN TUMOR DESTRUCTION OF RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE CAUSE?
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RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE PALSY RESULTING HOARSENESS
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WHAT DOES TUMOR OF THE PHRENIC NERVE CAUSE?
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PALSY WHICH RESULTS IN HEMIDIAPHRAGM PARALYSIS
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IDIOPATHIC TYPE OF OSTEOARTHRITIS CHARACTERIZED BY STRIKING OSTEOPHYTE FORMATION IN THE SPINE
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DISH
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PATIENTS WITH THIS CONDITION WILL HAVE OSSIFICATION IN THREE OR MORE INTERVETEBRAL DISCS MOST COMMONLY IN THE THORACIC OR THORACOLUMNAR SPINE
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DISH
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WHAT POPULATION IS MOST LIKELY TO HAVE DISH?
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WHITE MEN WHO ARE 60 OR OLDER
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CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF DISH
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STIFFNESS IN SPINE, ESP. IN THE MORNING OR LATE EVENING; SYMPTOMS HAVE BEEN PRESENT FOR SEVERAL MONTHS OR EVEN YEARS
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HOW ARE MANY ASSYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH DISH DIAGNOSED?
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ON A CHEST X RAY FOR AN UNRELATED CONDITION
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DIAGNOSIS FOR DISH
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BY CHEST X-RAY---SHOWS OSSIFICATION SPANNING THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS OF AT LEAST FOUR CONTIGUOUS VERTEBRAL BODIES; DISK HEIGHT IS PRESERVED IN FUSED SEGMENTS; NORMAL SACROILIAC JOINTS ON X RAY; OSSIFICATION OF THE POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT IN CERVICAL SPINE; NO HLA ASSOCIATION
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TX FOR DISH
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WALKING AND EXERCISE PROGRAM ARE MOST COMMON INITIAL TX; INTERMITTENT NSAID'S BUT PAIN IS USUALLY MILD AND TOLERABLE
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OFTEN THE PRESENTING COMPLAINT IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
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BACK PAIN IN ADULTS; MORE LIKELY TO AFFECT LOWER EXTREMITIES IN CHILDREN- WILL PRESENT WITH ENTHESITIS
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WHAT JOINTS DOES ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS USUALLY INVOLVE IN ADULTS?
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SACROILIAC JOINTS AND THE SPINE
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WHAT IS THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AS AND HLA-B27?
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THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THEM IS HIGH; ESP. IN WHITE PATIENTS WHO HAVE A HLA-B27 POSITIVE RATE OF 95%
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DIAGNOSIS OF FIBROMYALGIA
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WIDESPREAD PAIN THAT HAS BEEN PRESENT FOR THREE MONTHES, AXIAL SKELETAL PAIN MAY BE PRESENT, SLEEP DISTURBANCES, MUSCLE STIFFNESS, SHORT TERM MEMORY LOSS, FATIGUE; DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY WITH MULTIPLE SOMATIC COMPLAINTS
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MULTIPLE SOMATIC COMPLAINTS IN FMS INCLUDE
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HA, CHEST PAIN, BURSITIS/TENDINITIS, CYSTITIS, IBS, PARESTHESIAS IN THE HANDS AND FEET, PE, TENDERNESS TO PALPATION OVER 11 OF 18 TENDER POINT SITES
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TX FOR FMS
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FMS IN NOT PROGRESSIVE OR LIFE THREATENING; TRICYLCIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS, CYCLOBENZAPRINE, AND NSAIDS FOR PAIN CONTROL, FLUOXETINE (PROZAC) TO REDUCE SEVERE DEPRESSION, ULTRAM (TRAMADOL), TOPICAL AGENTS SUCH AS CAPSAICIN CREAM APPLIED TO TENDER AREAS, AEROBIC EXERCISE ANS STRECTH PROGRAM, DIETITIAN IF WEIGHT LOSS IS NEEDED
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C5 DERMATOME
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AXILLARY NERVE, DELTOID-SHOULDER ABDUCTION, LATERAL ASPECT ARM (SENSORY)
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C6 DERMATOME
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MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE; BICEPS-ELBOW FLEXION; SENSORY- LATERAL PROXIMAL FOREARM
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C7 DERMATOME
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FLEXOR POLLICUS LONGUS- THUMB FLEXION; SENSORY- TIP OF THUMB, VOLAR ASPECT
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C8 DERMATOME
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ULNAR NERVE, FIRST DORSAL INTEROSSEOUS ABDUCTION; TIP OF LITTLE FINGER, VOLAR ASPECT
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T1 DERMATOME
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RADIAL NERVE; EXTENSOR POLLICUS LONGUS- THUMB EXTENSION; SENSORY- DORSUM THUMB WEBSPACE
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MUSCLES THAT OBTURATOR NERVES INNERVATE
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ADDUCTORS- HIP ADDUCTION
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OBTURATOR PROVIDES SENSORY TO WHAT
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MEDIAL ASPECT, MID THIGH
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DTR 0
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REFLEX ABSENT
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DTR 1+
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REFLEX SOMEWHAT DIMINISHED
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DTR +2
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REFLEX AVERAGE, NORMAL
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DTR +3
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REFLEX BRISKER THAN AVERAGE
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DTR +4
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REFLEX VERY BRISK; HYPERACTIVE
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STRENGTH GRADE 5
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NORMAL- COMPLETE RANGE OF MOTION AGAINST GRAVITY WITH NORMAL RESISTANCE
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STRENGTH GRADE 4
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GOOD- COMPLETE RANGE OF MOTION AGAINST GRAVITY WITH SOME RESISTANCE
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STRENGTH GRADE 3
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FAIR- COMPLETE RANGE OF MOTION AGAINST GRAVITY
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STRENGTH GRADE 2
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POOR- COMPLETE RANGE OF MOTION WITH GRAVITY ELIMINATED
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STRENGTH GRADE 1
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MUSCLE CONTRACTION BUT NO OR VERY LIMITED JOINT MOTION
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STRENGTH GRADE 0
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ZERO NO EVIDENCE OF MUSCLE FUNCTION
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RADIOGRAPHIC CLUES FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS
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FAIRBANK'S SIGNS- LOSS OF JOINT SPACE, SCLEROSIS, SUBCHONDRAL CYSTS, AND SPURS (OSTEOPHYTES) AT THE JOINT MARGIN
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TX FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS
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PT, BRACING, WEIGHT LOSS, PAIN MGMT WITH NSAIDS, CORTICOSTEROIDS OR VICO-SUPPLEMENT INJECTIONS, JOINT DEBRIDEMENT (ARTHROSCOPY), JOINT REPLACEMENT POSSIBLY WHEN PAIN AT NIGHT, PAIN AT REST, OR UNACCEPTABLE LOSS OF JOINT FUNCTION, FUSION (ARTHRODESIS)
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WHAT OVERUSE SYNDROME IS ASSOCIATED WITH RA?
|
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
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WHAT ARE THE PRESENTING SYMPTOMS FOR LYME'S DISEASE?
|
VARIABLE CONSTITUTIONAL AND FLU LIKE SYMPTOMS, DISTINCTIVE SKIN LESION (ERYTHEMA MIGRANS) ORIGINATING AND EXPANDING FROM THE SITE OF THE TICK BITE
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JOINT COMMONLY AFFECTED BY LYME'S DISEASE
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KNEE
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ETIOLOGY OF LYME'S DISEASE
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DEER TICK- BORRELIA BURGDORFERI
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WHEN DO WE INITIATE TX FOR OSTEOPOROSIS FOLLOWING A DEXA SCAN?
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WHEN BMD SCORES ARE TWO STANDARD DEVIATIONS BELOW THOSE OF A YOUNG NORMAL ADULT IN THE ABSENCE OF RISK FACTORS, OR 1.5 STANDARD DEVIATIONS BELOW NORMAL WHEN THERE ARE RISK FACTORS
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WHAT IS ACTIVE ROM?
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PATIENT PERFORMS THE STRETCH, EXERCISE
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WHAT IS PASSIVE ROM?
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THE THERAPIST OR OUTSIDE FORCE IS USED TO STRETCH OR MOVE THE JOINT
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THIS SHOULD BE DONE AT A SLOW, CONTROLLED RATE THROUGH SAFE PARAMETERS OF THE PATIENT'S ROM
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STRENGTHENING EXERCISES
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CRYOTHERAPY
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USED TO DECREASE SWELLING, INFLAMMATION, AND PAIN
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THERMOTHERAPY
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INCREASES BLOOD FLOW, PROMOTES HEALING AND MUSCULAR RELAXATION
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PHONOPHORESIS
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TYPE OF ULTRASOUND TO DELIVER TOPICAL MEDICATION
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ELECTRICAL STIMULATION
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COMMONLY USED FOR DECREASING PAIN AND EDEMA, REGAINING STRENGTH, AND PREVENTING ATROPHY
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IONTOPHORESIS
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USES TOPICAL MEDICATION WITH ELECTRICAL STIMULATION FOR CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS- MORE EFFECTIVE ON SUPERFICIAL AREAS AND OFTEN TRIED BEFORE INJECTIONS
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STRETCHING SHOULD BE DONE LIKE THIS
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SLOWLY AND MAINTAINED FOR 20 TO 30 SECONDS WITHOUT BOUNCING
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|
MOST COMMON TYPE OF SHOULDER INSTABILITY
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ANTERIOR GLENOHUMERAL INSTABILITY
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|
THIS TYPE OF SHOULDER INSTABILITY HAS A HIGH RECURRENCE RATE, ESPECIALLY IN YOUNG ADULTS; PATIENTS PRESENT WITH THE ARM ABDUCTED AND EXTERNALLY ROTATED
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ANTERIOR GLENOHUMERAL INSTABILITY
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WHAT IS A HILL SACHS DEFECT?
|
IMPRESSION FRACTURE IN THE POSTEROLATERAL HUMERAL HEAD
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WHAT IS A BONY BANKHART LESION?
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ANTERIOR INFERIOR GLENOID RIM INJURY
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WHAT POPULATION WILL GET GREATER TUBEROSITY FRACTURE
|
OLDER PATIENTS
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WHICH IS MORE COMMON A OR P GLENOHUMERAL INSTABILITY?
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ANTERIOR
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THIS CAN BE CAUSES BY SEIZURE/SHOCK WHEN THE INTERNAL ROTATORS OF THE SHOULDER OVERPOWER THE EXTERNAL ROTATORS
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POSTERIOR GLENOHUMERAL INSTABILITY- DISLOCATION
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REVERSE HILL SACHS DEFECT
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HATCHET SHAPED ANTERIOR HUMERAL HEAD IMPRESSION FRACTURE
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|
REVERSE BANKART LESION
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ON THE POSTERIOR GLENOID RIM
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WHAT ARE THE ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES?
|
- TERES MINOR, SUPRASPINATUS, INFRASPINATUS, SUBSCAPULARIS
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ACTION OF SUPRASPINATUS
|
ABDUCTION OF THE ARM AT THE SHOULDER JOINT
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TESTS FOR SUPRASPINATUS
|
WEAKNESS WITH ABDUCTION FORWARD FLEXION, UNABLE TO HOLD ARM ABOVE 90 DEGREES (DROP ARM TEST) AND SUPRASPINATUS ISOLATION (JOB) TEST- BEER CAN TEST
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ACTION OF INFRASPINATUS AND TERES MINOR
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EXTERNAL ROTATION
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TEST FOR INFRASPINATUS AND TERES MINOR
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WEAKNESS WITH EXTERNAL ROTATION
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ACTION OF SUBSCAPULARIS
|
INTERNAL ROTATION
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|
TEST FOR SUBSCAPULARIS
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WEAKNESS WITH INTERNAL ROTATION
|
|
MC CAUSE OF REITER'S
|
CHLAMYDIA
|
|
CONJUNCTIVITIS, ENTHESITIS, AND URETHRITIS ARE FOUND IN WHAT CONDITION
|
REITER'S
|
|
ARTHRITIS FREQUENTLY ANTEDATES SKIN PROBLEMS WHEN THIS TYPE OF ARTHRITIS OCCURS IN CHILDHOOD
|
PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS
|
|
IN THIS TYPE OF ARTHRITIS, SKIN PROBLEMS PRECEDE JOINT PAIN
|
PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS
|
|
HOW DO CORTICOSTEROID INJECTIONS WORK?
|
DECREASE OF INFLAMMATION AND PROSTAGLANDIN FORMATION AND FORMATION OF GRANULATION TISSUE; THEY BLOCK GLUCOSE UPTAKE IN THE TISSUES, ENHANCE PROTEIN BREAKDOWN, AND DECREASE NEW PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
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|
RISKS OF CORTICOSTEROIDS
|
ELEVATION OF BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS- USE WITH CAUTION IN DIABETICS; LIPODYSTROPHY- DIVETS IN BUTT; HYPOPIGMENTATION; TENDON RUPTURE; POSSIBLE INFECTION
|
|
GRADE 1 SPRAIN
|
PARTIAL TEAR, NO INSTABILITY OR OPENING OF THE JOINT WITH STRESS
|
|
GRADE 2 SPRAIN
|
PARTIAL TEAR WITH SOME INSTABILITY
|
|
GRADE 3 SPRAIN
|
COMPLETE TEAR WITH COMPLETE JOINT OPENING
|
|
DIAGNOSTIC FOR IMPINGMENT
|
INFLAMMATION OF THE SUBACROMIAL BURSA AND UNDERLYING ROTATOR CUFF TENDONS; USUALLY PINCHING OF THE TENDONS ESP SUPRASPINATUS BY A SUB ACROMIAL SPUR
|
|
IMPINGEMENT SIGN
|
PASSIVE FORWARD FLEXION FROM 130 TO 170 DEGREES RESULTS IN PAIN
|
|
SYMPTOMS OF IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME
|
GRADUAL ONSET OF ANTERIOR AND LATERAL SHOULDER PAIN EXACERBATED BY OVERHEAD ACTIVITY IS CHARACTERISTIC, NIGHT PAIN AND DIFFICULTY SLEEPING ON THE AFFECTED SIDE
|
|
PE IN IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME
|
PALPATION OVER THE GREATER TUBEROSITY AND SUBACROMIAL BURSA COMMONLY ELICITS TENDERNESS AND CREPITUS WITH SHOULDER MOTION
|
|
MODIFIED NEER'S IMPINGEMENT SIGN
|
INTERNAL ROTATION AND PASSIVE FORWARD FLEXION INCREASES THE PATIENT'S PAIN
|
|
HAWKINS TEST
|
FORWARD FLEXION WITH PASSIVE INTERNAL ROTATION LEADS TO IMPINGEMENT PAIN
|
|
NON ORGANIC SIGNS OR SYMPTOMS
|
PAIN OR SYMPTOMS THAT APPEAR TO "TRAVEL" FROM ONE SIDE OR AREA OF THE BODY TO ANOTHER IN A NON-ANATOMIC FASHION AND GLOBAL PAIN ARE CHARACTERISTIC; NON SEGMENTAL NUMBNESS (DOES NOT FIT NERVE ROOT OR PERIPHERAL NERVE PATTERN)
|
|
SYMPTOMS OF NON ORGANIC SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
|
EXAGGERATE RESPONSES (LIGHT TOUCH CAUSES A JERK OR WITHDRAWAL); GRIMACING, GROANING, OR GRABBING THE AFFECTED EXTREMITY WHEN THERE IS NO OBVIOUS INJURY; GIVING WAY DURING MUSCLE TESTING; STOCKING GLOVE DISTRIBUTION-NUMBNESS
|
|
OCCUPATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH OVERUSE INJURIES
|
MANUAL LABOR, SPORTS
|
|
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH SHOULDER ARTHRITIS
|
DIFFUSE OR DEEP SEATED PAIN, POSTERIOR ASPECT OF THE SHOULDER FOR GH ARTHRITIS AND ANTERIOR ASPECT FOR A-C ARTHRITIS; INITIALLY PAIN IS AGGRAVATED BY ACTIVITY; LATER ANY MVMT OF JOINT CAUSES PAIN, REST AND NIGHT PAIN OCCUR MORE OFTEN; ROM LIMITED PROGRESSIVELY, ADL ARE DIFFICULT
|
|
WHEN ARE ATHLETES ALLOWED TO RETURN TO SPORTS FOLLOWING SPORTS RELATED INJURIES?
|
COMPLETE RESOLUTION OF PAIN AND NEUROLOGIC SYMPTOMS, AS WELL AS NORMAL NEUROLOGIC EXAM AND FULL RANGE OF CERVICAL SPINE MOTION
|
|
DVT
|
HYPERCOAGULATION, OBSTRUCTION OF VENOUS OUTFLOW, AND/OR ENDOTHELIAL TRAUMA THAT PRECIPITATES VENOUS CLOT FORMATION
|
|
SIGN IN DVT
|
PAIN OR SWELLING IN THE CALF OR THIGH- UNILATERAL NORMALLY
|
|
TX FOR DVT
|
WARFARIN OR HEPARIN; PNEUMATIC COMPRESSION BOOTS AFTER SURGERY
|
|
PE SYMPTOMS
|
DYSPNEA, HEMOPTYSIS, TACHYCARDIA, PLEURAL RUB, TACHYPNEA, AND SOMETIMES CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE
|
|
TX FOR PE
|
MOST DIE WITHIN 30 MIN OF ACUTE ATTACK- TOO SOON FOR ANTICOAGULATION TO BE EFFECTIVE; PROPHYLAXIS OF WARFARIN OR HEPARIN TO REDUCE RISK
|
|
WHEN WOULD YOU NOT USE A SPLINT
|
OPEN WOUNDS OR FRACTURES
|
|
OPEN FRACTURE
|
THERE IS A BREAK IN THE SKIN OR SOFT TISSUE COVERING A FRACTURE
|
|
CLOSED FRACTURE
|
SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE OVER AND NEAR THE FRACTURE IS INTACT
|
|
FEMORAL NERVE- WHAT MUSCLE
|
QUADRICEPS- KNEE EXTENSION
|
|
FEMORAL NERVE- SENSORY
|
PROXIMAL TO MEDIAL MALLEOLUS
|
|
PERONEAL (DEEP AND SUPERFICIAL BRANCHES) NERVE- MUSCLES
|
EXTENSOR HALLICUS LONGUS- GREAT TOE EXTENSION; PERONEUS BREVIS- FOOT EVERSION
|
|
PERONEAL NERVE- SENSORY
|
DEEP- DORSUM FIRST WEB SPACE; SUPERFICIAL- DORSUM LATERAL FOOT
|
|
TIBIAL NERVE- MUSCLE
|
FLEXOR HALICUS LONGUS- GREAT TOE FLEXION
|
|
TIBIAL NERVE- SENSORY
|
PLANTAR ASPECT FOOT
|
|
XRAY USED FOR SCAPULA IMAGING
|
SCAPULAR Y VIEW
|
|
WITH LARGE, LONG STANDING ROTATOR CUFF TEAR, WHAT MIGHT THE IMAGE SHOW
|
A HIGH RIDING HUMERUS RELATIVE TO THE GLENOID
|
|
IMAGING FOR LABRAL TEARS
|
MRI ARTHROGRAM
|
|
IMAGING FOR HUMERAL FRACTURE
|
AP AND LATERAL, TRANSTHORACIC LATERAL (SHAFT)
|
|
NERVES ASSOCIATED WITH HUMERUS FRACTURE
|
RADIAL, MEDIAN, AND ULNAR NERVES
|