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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of hematuria
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more than 3 red blood cells per high power field
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Ideally how many samples should be taken to confirm hematuria?
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3 samples at least one week apart to confirm
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Conditions that hematuria is found at presentation typically
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carcinoma of the kidney and bladder, urinary calculi, infections
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"Initial" hematuria found with what conditions
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anterior urethral lesions (urethritis, stricture)
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"Terminal" hematuria found in what conditions
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posterior urethra or bladder neck (posterior urethral polyps, vescial neck tumors)
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"Total" hematuria found in what conditions
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source at or above the bladder (stone, tumor, TB, nephritic syndrome)
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Why is first morning void best for hematuria evaluation?
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less likely to be hypotonic and therefore less likely to lyse RBCs
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What can cause a false positive dipstick result for hematuria?
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rhubarb, myoglobinuria, hemoglobinuria, bacteria, and concentrated urine
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What can cause a false negative dipstick result for hematuria?
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High Vit C intake
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How do you confirm dipstick findings of hematuria?
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with urine microscopy
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Why do you do a urine cytology on anyone with persistent, unexplained hematuria?
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to rule out cancer
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What is a condition where dipstick is positive for hematuria, but the microscopy is negative?
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pseudohematuria
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"black urine" caused by hemolysis, hemolytic anemia, malaria
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hemoglobinuria
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General causes of pseudohematuria
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hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria, natural food pigments, food coloring, drugs
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When is rhabdo due to myoglobinuria seen?
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with crush injuries/large muscle group injuries
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Causes of myoglobinuria
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rhabdo, blunt trauma, electric shock, acute tubular necrosis
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