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92 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
USUAL RHYTHM FOR A PAC
WILL USUALLY BE REGULAR EXCEPT FOR THE PAC
RATE OF PAC
DEPENDS ON THE UNDERLYING RHYTHM
WHEN DOES THE P WAVE OCCUR WITH PAC
P WAVE OF ECTOPIC BEAT OCCURS EARLY AND DIFFERS FROM THE SINUS P WAVES; CAN BE FLATTENED, NOTCHED, OR MAY BE LOST IN PRECEDING T WAVES
WHAT TWO THINGS WILL YOU SEE IN A PAC?
PREMATURE P WAVE AND A COMPENSATORY PAUSE AFTER THE QRS
WHAT WILL THE PP INTERVAL BE IN PAC?
IT WILL BE NORMAL. CHECK IT INSTEAD OF THE RR.
HOW DO YOU DIFFERENTIATE A PAC FROM A SINUS ARRHYTHMIA?
THE P WAVE IN A SINUS ARR. WILL BE THE SAME IN EACH, BUT THE PAC WILL HAVE A P WAVE WITH A DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGY ON THE ECTOPIC BEAT
WHAT ARE THE THREE PRESENTATIONS OF PAC?
PAC WITH NORMAL IV CONDUCTION; NONCONDUCTED PAC; PAC WITH RBBB ABERRATION
WHAT ARE FIVE ETIOLOGIES FOR PAC?
COPD, MI, ENDOGENOUS CATECHOLAMINE RELEASE, DIGITALIS TOXICITY OR ALCOHOL, VALVE DISEASE
WHAT WILL BE THE CAUSE OF SYMPTOMS IN PAC?
MOST WILL NOT HAVE SYMPTOMS, BUT IF THE PATIENT DOES NOTICE IT WILL BE BECAUSE OF FREQUENCY AND PALPITATIONS
WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR PAC?
CORRECT UNDERLYING CAUSE AND CORRECT UNDERLYING RHYTHMS; BETA BLOCKERS IF THERE ARE SYMPTOMATIC PALPITATIONS
WHAT IS THE NORMAL RHYTHM FOR ATRIAL ESCAPE BEAT?
DEPENDS IN UNDERLYING RHYTHM; ESCAPE BEAT FOLLOWS A PAUSE IN THE NORMAL RHYTHM
WHAT DOES THE P WAVE LOOK LIKE IN ATRIAL ESCAPE BEAT?
P WAVE OF ECTOPIC BEAT OCCURS LATE AND DIFFERS FROM SINUS P WAVES; CAN BE FLATTENED OR NOTCHED
WHY IS AN ECTOPIC ATRIAL RHYTHM UNLIKELY?
BECAUSE THE AV JUNCTION WOULD LIKELY TAKE OVER AS DOMINANT PACEMAKER, NOT THE ATRIAL TISSUE
WHAT WILL P WAVE LOOK LIKE IN ECTOPIC ATRIAL RHYTHM?
WILL VARY FROM BASELINE P WAVE AND LIKELY NOT BE POSITIVE IN II, III, AND AVF
THIS OCCURS WHEN MULTIPLE ATRIAL FOCI TAKE OVER WHEN SA NODE IS FAILING; NONE OF THEM SUCCEED TO BECOME DOMINANT
WANDERING ATRIAL PACEMAKER
RHYTHM OF WANDERING ATRIAL PACEMAKER
SLIGHTLY IRREGULAR
RATE OF WANDERING ATRIAL PACEMAKER
USUALLY NORMAL 60 TO 100
P WAVE MORPHOLOGY IN WANDERING ATRIAL PACEMAKER
MORPHOLOGY CHANGES FROM BEAT TO BEAT- MUST HAVE AT LEAST THREE DIFFERENT P WAVES
WHAT WILL THE PP INTERVAL BE IN WANDERING ATRIAL PACEMAKER?
MAY BE SLIGHTLY VARIABLE, AS WILL THE PR INTERVAL
WHAT ARE THE ETIOLOGIES FOR A WANDERING ATRIAL PACEMAKER?
IDIOPATHIC ESP. IN YOUNG MALES, CHANGES IN VAGAL TONE, DIGOXIN TOXICITY, INFLAMMATION OF ATRIAL TISSUE, VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
SYMPTOMS OF WANDERING ATRIAL PACEMAKER
USUALLY ASSYMPTOMATIC
TREATMENT FOR WANDERING ATRIAL PACEMAKER
USUALLY NO TREATMENT IS NECESSARY
THIS IS THE SAME AS WANDERING ATRIAL PACEMAKER, BUT THE RATE IS GREATER THAN 100
MULTIFOCAL ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA (MAT)
CAUSE OF MULTIFOCAL ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA
COPD
HOW DO YOU DIFFERENTIATE MULTIFOCAL ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA FROM A FIB?
P WAVES
HOW DO YOU TREAT MULTIFOCAL ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA?
DO NOT STOP TACHYCARDIA; IT IS THE ONLY COMPENSATORY MECHANISM. TREAT COPD AS BEST YOU CAN.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF MAT
PALPITATIONS, SOB, CHEST PAIN, SYNCOPE, LIGHTHEADEDNESS,- PALPAITATIONS ARE FROM TACHYCARDIA, ALL OTHERS ARE FROM COPD OR SEVERE RESP. PROBLEM
LABS YOU WOULD RUN WITH A MAT PATIENT
LYTES, TOX SCREEN, CARDIAC PANEL, BNP, ABG
RATE IN ECTOPIC ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA
150 TO 250 BEATS PER MINUTE
P WAVES IN ECTOPIC ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA
WILL VARY FROM BASELINE P WAVES AND WILL LIKELY NOT BE UPRIGHT IN II, III, AND AVF
WHAT DOES PAROXYSMAL ECTOPIC ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA MEAN?
SUDDEN ONSET/ SUDDEN STOP
WHAT DOES ADENOSINE DO TO HEART?
BLOCKS ALL CONDUCTION THRU AV NODE; CAUSES SYSTOLE FOR 12 SECONDS
HOW LONG DO BETA BLOCKERS AND CCB LAST?
6-12 HOURS
MOST COMMON TYPE OF SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA?
AVNRT
SECOND MOST COMMON SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA?
AVRT
FOUR TYPES OF SVT
AVNRT, AVRT, ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA, AND ATRIAL FIB OR FLUTTER
ETIOLOGY OF SVT
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES, HYPOXEMIA, MEDS- DIGITALIS TOXICITY, ALBUTEROL, COCAINE, ATRIAL INSULT, INCREASED SYM TONE
WHAT DOES PAROXYSMAL ECTOPIC ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA MEAN?
SUDDEN ONSET/ SUDDEN STOP
SYMPTOMS OF SVT
SUDDEN ONSET PALPITATIONS, HYPOTENSION, CHEST PAIN, SOB, SYNCOPE, ANXIETY**
WHAT DOES ADENOSINE DO TO HEART?
BLOCKS ALL CONDUCTION THRU AV NODE; CAUSES ASYSTOLE FOR 12 SECONDS
TREATMENT OF SVT
USUALLY NO TREATMENT NECESSARY
HOW LONG DO BETA BLOCKERS AND CCB LAST?
6-12 HOURS
WHAT IS THE SAFETY NET FOR SVT?
IV, OXYGEN, EKG MONITOR
MOST COMMON TYPE OF SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA?
AVNRT
SECOND MOST COMMON SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA?
AVRT
FOUR TYPES OF SVT
AVNRT, AVRT, ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA, AND ATRIAL FIB OR FLUTTER
ETIOLOGY OF SVT
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES, HYPOXEMIA, MEDS- DIGITALIS TOXICITY, ALBUTEROL, COCAINE, ATRIAL INSULT, INCREASED SYM TONE
SYMPTOMS OF SVT
SUDDEN ONSET PALPITATIONS, HYPOTENSION, CHEST PAIN, SOB, SYNCOPE, ANXIETY**
TREATMENT OF SVT
USUALLY NO TREATMENT NECESSARY
WHAT IS THE SAFETY NET FOR SVT?
IV, OXYGEN, EKG MONITOR
WHAT IS CARDIOVERSION?
TIMED SHOCK TO THE HEART; TRYING TO DEPOLARIZE EVERYTHING AT ONCE IN AN ATTEMPT TO RESET SA NODE AS PACEMAKER
IF YOU HAVE UNSTABLE PT WITH SVT, WHAT DO YOU DO?
CARDIOVERSION
IF YOU HAVE UNSTABLE PT WITH SVT, WHAT DO YOU DO?
VAGAL MANEUVERS (INITIATE PARASYMPATHETIC RESPONSE)
WHAT DOES AVNRT STAND FOR?
AV NODAL REENTRY TACHYCARDIA
WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF AVNRT?
CONGENITAL ANOMALY
IN WHAT RHYTHM DO WE SEE CIRCUS RHYTHM IN AV NODE DUE TO REENTRY?
AV NODAL REENTRY TACHYCARDIA
WHAT IS THE PRECIPITATING FACTOR IN AVNRT?
PAC
WHAT IS THE TX FOR AVNRT?
BURN ATYPICAL CONDUCTION PATHWAY
WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FOR AVNRT?
ABNORMAL CONDUCTION PATH IN THE AV NODE, PAC, SUSTAIN TACHYCARDIA IN AV NODE
BECAUSE THERE IS NO LONGER NORMAL AV NODE CONDUCTION DELAY IN AVNRT, WHAT IS THE VENTRICULAR RATE WITH THIS RHYTHM?
180-200 BEATS PER MIN
20-30% OF SVT ARE THESE?
AVRT
WHERE IS THE ACCESSORY PATHWAY IN AVRT?
OUTSIDE OF THE AV NODE; NORMALLY IN THE FIBROUS SKELETON OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE (BUNDLE OF KENT)
IS THERE A DELAY IN AVRT?
NO...BECAUSE THE AV NODE IS NOT INVOLVED IN CONDUCTION
WHAT TYPE OF CONDUCTION OCCURS AFTER IMPULSES GO THROUGH THE BUNDLE OF KENT IN AVNR?
CELL TO CELL DEPOLARIZATION
WHAT DISTINCT FEATURE IS SEEN ON THE EKG IN AVRT?
PR SEGMENT DISAPPEARS; UPWARD DEFLECTION CAUSES A DELTA WAVE (REPRESENTS DEPOLARIZATION THROUGH VENTRICULAR TISSUE)
DESCRIBE THE PR INTERVAL AND QRS IN AVRT
SHORT PR INTERVAL AND PSEUDOWIDE QRS
TRUE OR FALSE. WOLF-PARKINSON-WHITE IS AN AVRT
TRUE
THIS IS THE CLASSIC TYPE OF AVRT
TYPE A- QRS COMPLEXES UPRIGHT AND USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH KENT BUNDLE (CLASSIC DELTA WAVE SEEN)
WHAT SPARKS AN AVRT?
A PAC
WHAT IS THE BEST LEAD TO SEE WPW OR AVRT?
LEAD V4
WHAT IS ANTODROMIC AVRT?
IMPULSE TRAVELS DOWN BUNDLE OF KENT AND BACK UP AV NODE; WIDE COMPLEX TACHYCARDIA
WHAT IS ORTHODROMIC AVRT?
WHEN IMPULSE TRAVELS DOWN AV NODE AND RETURNS TO ATRIA THROUGH BUNDLE OF KENT' NARROW COMPLEX TACHYCARDIA BECAUSE IT MAINTAINS A DELAY IN THE AV NODE
IN ANTIDROMIC AVRT, WHAT DOES ADENOSINE DO?
THE BUNDLE OF KENT WILL BECOME THE NORMAL PACEMAKER
WHAT DO YOU BASE THE DIAGNOSIS OF ATRIAL FLUTTER ON?
THE EKG PICTURE
WHAT IS THE RATE WITH ATRIAL FLUTTER?
ATRIAL RATE 250-350 BEATS PER MIN; VENTRICULAR RATE VARIES (BEWARE 150)
WHAT IS THE P WAVE PATTERN WITH ATRIAL FLUTTER?
CHARACTERISTIC SAWTOOTH PATTERN (F WAVES)
WHAT DO YOU SUSPECT IN YOUNG PEOPLE WITH ATRIAL FLUTTER?
SUSPECT HYPER/HYPOTHYROIDISM OR ALCOHOL
ETIOLOGIES OF ATRIAL FLUTTER
LEFT OR RIGHT ATRIAL ENLARGMENT, VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ATRIAL FLUTTER
ASYMPTOMATIC WITH NORMAL VENTRICULAR RESPONSE; IF THERE IS RAPID VENTRICULAR RESPONSE, THERE WILL BE SIGNS OF POOR CARDIAC OUTPUT
TREATMENT FOR ATRIAL FLUTTER
IF UNSTABLE- CARDIOVERT; IF STABLE, CONTROL RATE AND CONSULT
THIS IS CONTINUOUS RAPID FIRING OF MULTIPLE ATRIAL AUTOMATICITY FOCI; NO SINGLE PULSE DEPOLARIZES THE ATRIA COMPLETELY; AND ONLY AN OCCASIONAL IMPULSE REACHES THE AV NODE
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
RHYTHM In ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
GROSSLY IRREGULAR- IRREGULARLY IRREGULAR
P WAVES IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
NO DISCERNABLE P WAVES
MOST COMMONLY SUSTAINED DYSRHYTHMIA IN THE US
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
CONTINUOUS RAPID FIRING OF MULTIPLE ATRIAL AUTOMATICITY FOCI; NO SINGLE PULSE DEPOLARIZES THE ATRIA COMPLETELY AND ONLY OCCASIONAL IMPULSES REACH THE AV NODE- WHAT RHYTHM?
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
COMMON ETIOLOGIES FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
ASCVD (ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE) AND HYPERTENSION; ALSO HYPO/HYPERTHYROIDISM, ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT, MITRAL DISEASE, CARDIOMYOPATHY, LAE, AND ALCOHOL
WHAT IS ASCVD
ATHEROSLCEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
IRREGULARLY IRREGULAR PULSE; MAY BE ASSYMPTOMATIC IF CHRONIC OR SLOW VENTRICULAR RESPONSE; IF RAPID VENTRICULAR RESPONSE THERE WILL BE SIGNS OF LOW CARDIAC OUTPUT (PALPITATIONS)
THERE IS NO _________________ IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.
CONTRACTILITY
IF A PATIENT IS UNSTABLE WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, WHAT IS THE TREATMENT?
CARDIOVERSION
IF THE PATIENT IS STABLE WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, WHAT IS THE TREATMENT?
ANTICOAGULATION, CONTROL RATE, AND REFER