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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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THE FOUR MAJOR CATEGORIES OF ARRHYTHMIAS
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SINUS, ATRIAL, JUNCTIONAL, AND VENTRICULAR (NAMED ACCORDING TO WHICH PACEMAKER INITIATES THE RHYTHM)
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WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THE MOST COMMON CARDIAC RHYTHM?
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SINUS BECAUSE THE SA NODE IS THE PACEMAKER OF THE HEART
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WHAT RHYTHM WOULD A NORMAL HEALTHY HEART BE IN?
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NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM (NSR)
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IT IS NECESSARY TO MEMORIZE THE RULES FOR EACH RHYTHM STRIP AND THEN LOOK FOR _____- AVAILABLE FROM EACH STRIP YOU ATTEMPT TO READ.
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CLUES
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HOW DO WE DETERMINE THE REGULARITY OF RHYTHM OF AN EKG PATTERN?
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BY LOOKING AT THE R TO R INTERVAL (RRI)
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HOW DO WE MEASURE R TO R INTERVAL?
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BY PLACING ONE POINT OF THE CALIPERS ON ONE R WAVE AND PLACING THE OTHER POINT ON THE SAME SPOT IN THE NEXT QRS COMPLEX
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WHAT SHOULD THE R WAVE CORRESPOND TO?
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THE PATIENT'S PULSE BECAUSE IT IS INDICATIVE OF VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION
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A CONSTANT RRI ACROSS THE STRIP WOULD MEAN THAT THE RHYTHM IS WHAT?
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REGULAR
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WHAT DOES IT MEAN WHEN A PATTERN IS REGULARLY IRREGULAR?
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A PATTERN OF IRREGULARITY
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WHAT DOES IT MEAN WHEN A PATTERN IS BASICALLY REGULAR?
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IT IS A REGULAR RHYTHM WITH A BEAT OR TWO THAT INTERRUPTS IT
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WHAT DOES IT MEAN WHEN A PATTERN IS TOTALLY IRREGULAR?
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IT HAS NO PATTERNS AT ALL
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FASTER RATES SHOULD BE MORE EXACTLY ____________ THAN SLOWER RATES.
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REGULAR
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IN ORDER TO SELECT THE METHOD FOR CALCULATING RATES, YOU MUST FIRST DETERMINE WHETHER OR NOT THE RHYTHM IS ___________.
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REGULAR
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IF THE RHYTHM IS REGULAR, WHAT IS THE MOST ACCURATE WAY TO CALCULATE HEART RATE?
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TO COUNT THE NUMBER OF SMALL SQUARES BETWEEN THE 2 R WAVES AND DIVIDE THE TOTAL INTO 1500.
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WHAT IS THE METHOD FOR CALCULATING RATE FOR IRREGULAR RHYTHMS?
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COUNT THE NUMBER OF QRS COMPLEXES IN A 6 SECOND SPAN AND MULTIPLY BY 10 TO GET THE HEART RATE IN BEATS PER MINUTE
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AFTER REGULARITY AND RATE FOR THE STRIP, WHAT IS ANALYZED?
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WAVE PATTERN
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WHAT WAVE DO YOU LOOK FOR FIRST WHEN YOU BEGIN TO IDENTIFY WAVES?
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P WAVE
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WHAT IS THE NORMAL SHAPE OF THE P WAVE?
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SMOOTH, ROUNDED, AND UNIFORM (WHEN THE SA NODE IS THE PACEMAKER)
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AS LONG AS AN IMPULSE BEGINS IN THE SA NODE AND TRAVELS TOWARD THE VENTRICLES, THE P WAVE WILL BE ___________.
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UPRIGHT
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WHAT DOES "LOSING" WAVES REFER TO?
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OCCURS WHEN 2 ELECTRICAL ACTIVITIES TAKE PLACE AT THE SAME TIME
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WHEN IS A PRI CONSIDERED ABNORMAL?
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IF AN IMPULSE TOOK TOO LONG TO GET FROM THE SINUS NODE THROUGH THE ATRIA AND THE AV NODE
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WHEN IS A QRS CONSIDERED ABNORMAL?
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IF AN IMPULSE TOOK TOO LONG TO TRAVEL THROUGH THE VENTRICLES
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WHAT IS SUPRAVENTRICULAR ACTIVITY?
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TOOK PLACE ABOVE THE VENTRICLES IN THE ATRIA AND AV NODE (PRI)
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WHAT IS THE "FAIL SAFE" MECHANISM?
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WHEN THE AV NODE FIRES IMPULSES TOO QUICKLY IT IS IRRITATED, THE VENTRICLE CANNOT RESPOND EFFECTIVELY SO THE AV NODE SCREENS THEM, ALLOWING ONLY A FEW TO GET THROUGH
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WHAT IS THE MAJOR EKG FINDING THAT WILL HELP YOU DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE ARRHYTHMIAS THAT ORIGINATE ABOVE THE VENTRICLES AND THOSE THAT ORIGINATE IN THE VENTRICLES?
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THE WIDTH OF THE QRS COMPLEX---MEASUREMENT LESS THAN .12 SEC MEANS ITS IT SUPRAVENTRICULAR AND CONDUCTED NORMALLY
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JUST BECAUSE THE QRS IS WIDE DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE RHYTHM IS ___________.
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VENTRICULAR
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OTHER REASONS FOR A WIDE QRS COMPLEX
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SUPRAVENTRICULAR IMPULSE THAT REACHES AN OBSTRUCTION IN BUNDLE BRANCHES; SUPRAVENTRICULAR IMPULSE THAT CANNOT BE CONDUCTED NORMALLY THRU THE VENTRICLES B/C THEY ARE STILL REFRACTORY FROM PREVIOUS BEAT; AN IRRITABLE FOCUS IN THE VENTRICLES THAT ASSUMES PACEMAKING RESPONSIBILITIES
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A WIDE QRS CAN BE EITHER VENTRICULAR OR SUPRAVENTRICULAR, BUT A NORMAL QRS MUST BE ____________
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SUPRAVENTRICULAR
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