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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs has been used to explain what org'l bex?
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Motivation
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Maslow's levels of need from lowest to highest are:
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Physiological
Safety Love and belonging Esteem Self-actualization |
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Maslow's need hierarchy has [low, moderate, high] validity as applied to the workplace
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Low
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Upper level needs are AKA ___;
Lower level needs are AKA ___ |
Motivators, satisfiers
Hygiene factors, dissatisfiers |
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According to Herzberg, dissatisfaction results when these needs are not met
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Lower level, hygiene, dissatisfiers
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According to Herzberg, satisfaction and motivation increase when these needs are met
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Upper level, motivators, satisfiers
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Lower level needs relate to
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Job context
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Upper level needs relate to
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Job content
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Examples of lower level needs are
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Pay
Working conditions Supervision |
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Examples of upper level needs are
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Achievement
Responsibility Opportunity |
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Describe job enrichment
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Involves expanding jobs to increase roles in planning and performing of work, increasing autonomy, authority, freedom, encouraging new, challenging tasks
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How does job enrichment relate to satisfaction, performance, turnover, and absenteeism?
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Increased satisfaction
Increased performance Decreased turnover Decreased absenteeism |
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Describe job enlargement
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Expands variety of tasks w/o changing responsibility or autonomy.
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How does job enlargement relate to satisfaction, performance, turnover, and absenteeism?
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Increased satisfaction
Slight increase in performance No data on turnover/absenteeism |
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How does ERG theory differ from Maslow's hierarchy?
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Satisfying a need doesn't lead to moving on to a new need, rather, it makes that need stronger. (e.g., creativity begets creativity)
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ERG stands for
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Existence Relatedness Growth
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According to McClelland, three significant work-related needs are
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nACH (need for achievement)
nAFF (need for affilitation) nPOWER (need for power) |
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T or F: People can be trained to think more like nACH people
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True
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nACH people prefer what type of goals?
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Moderate, attainable goals
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According to Vroom's General Expectancy Theory, what factors must be present for motivation to occur?
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Expectancy (of success)
Instrumentality (think "operant" - expectation of rewards) Valence (rewards must have value) |
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Adam's Equity Theory is based on comparison between these ratios
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Self-input/Self-output
Others-input/Others-output |
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What does Equity Theory predict will happen to your input when you receive more rewards for the same amount of work as others?
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That you will be motivated to increase your inputs to make things equitable.
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The 5 principles of Locke's Goal Setting Approach are:
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1) Goals = specific
2) Goals = intermediate-high level of difficulty 3) Feedback required 4) Self-efficacy increases performance 5) Acceptance of goals by worker is key |
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T or F: According to Locke, allowing employees to participate in goal setting is the primary factor in determining whether the goals will be achieved.
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False. Acceptance of the goals is more important than participation in goal setting
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Correlations between performance-contingent rewards and job performance/satisfaction are [low, mod, high].
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High
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Correlations between non-performance-contingent rewards and job performance/satisfaction are [low, mod, high].
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Low
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Up to ___% - ___% of job satisfaction may be linked to genetic factors.
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30-40
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Although the rex b/t pay and satisfaction is complex, it basically increases satisfaction when...
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It meets needs important to the employee.
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What is the rex b/t job satisfaction and age? [Direct, indirect, none]
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Direct
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Is there a rex b/t job satisfaction and gender?
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No
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Is there a rex b/t job satisfaction and race?
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Yes. More satisfaction for Whites than minorities. Differences most significant among managers.
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What is the rex b/t job satisfaction and occupational level? [Direct, indirect, none]
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Direct
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What is the rex b/t job satisfaction and health? [Direct, indirect, none]
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Direct
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What is the rex b/t job satisfaction and productivity? [Direct, indirect, none]
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Direct (weak)
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What is the rex b/t job satisfaction and absenteeism/turnover? [Direct, indirect, none]
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Indirect (moderate)
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What is the rex b/t job satisfaction and pay? [Direct, indirect, none]
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Direct (esp. fairness of pay)
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Is there a rex b/t absenteeism and sex?
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Yes. Higher for females.
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What is the rex b/t absenteeism and company size? [Direct, indirect, none]
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Direct
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Is there a rex b/t absenteeism and age?
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Yes. In older workers.
What is the rex b/t absenteeism and age in older workers? |
More unavoidable absences; fewer avoidable absences.
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What is the rex b/t turnover and tenure? [Direct, indirect, none]
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Indirect.
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What is the rex b/t turnover and pay/opportunity for growth? [Direct, indirect, none]
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Indirect
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What is the rex b/t turnover and routine work? [Direct, indirect, none]
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Direct
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What is the rex b/t turnover and productivity? [Direct, indirect, none]
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None.
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The human factors approach to job performance focuses on the ____-____ system, which is
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operator-machine; how humans and machines work together to accomplish a job
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The psychological approach to job performance assumes that ___ & ___ are correlated with ___ and that ___ allows people to meet ___-___ needs.
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efficiency, effectiveness; satisfaction; satisfaction; self-actualization
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The psychological approach may use job ___ or job ___.
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enlargement; enhancement
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Job enlargement (AKA ___ loading) entails:
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horizontal; increasing number of tasks without increasing responsibility
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Job enhancement (AKA ___ loading) entails:
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vertical; increasing responsibility
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What impact does job enlargement have on satisfaction and performance, turnover, and absenteeism?
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Increases satisfaction more than performance; no rex with turnover, absenteeism
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What impact does job enhancement have on satisfaction and performance, turnover, and absenteeism?
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Increases BOTH satisfaction and performance; decreases turnover/absenteeism
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Employees with these characteristics tend to be in favor of job enrichment:
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High in growth-need strength
High in knowledge/skill Most satisfied by job content factors |
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