Investigative Science Test 3

Front 1

How is the earths crust like a ship?

Back 1

The crust floats on the mantle like a ship floats on water. The crusts vertical position, as well as the ships is determined by density

Front 2

Why was the early bombardment of space debris important to differentiation?

Back 2

The kinetic energy of space debris colliding with earth was transformed into heat energy. The heat melted the earths rock so it was molten and could flow. If the rock was solid it couldn't have settled into such distinct layers.

Front 3

What is the order of the spheres?

Back 3

Lithosphere, asthenosphere, lower mantle, outer core, inner core.

Front 4

What part of the earth do S-waves not pass through?

Back 4

S-waves can't pass through liquid so they can't pass through the liquid outer core.

Front 5

What is the Moho how was it discovered?

Back 5

The boundary between the earths mantle and crust detected my mohorovicic, who observed an increase of speed across it.

Front 6

What evidence would lead someone with no scientific knowledge to suspect that the continents were once connected?

Back 6

The matching lines of south america and africa on a globe

Front 7

How is the seafloor recycled?

Back 7

New lithosphere is created where magma wells up at a spreading center, and it is destroyed when it sinks back into the mantle at a subduction zone.

Front 8

how does the theory of plate tectonics differ from the theory of continental drift?

Back 8

plate tectonics states that plates not just the continents move. Also because the theory includes seafloor spreading, it provides a way for continents to move, a mechanism.

Front 9

Why does the asthenosphere flow?

Back 9

convection is the reason the asthenosphere flows. It is at the top of a convection cell that carried heat away from earths surface.

Front 10

What role does gravity play in plate motion?

Back 10

Gravity pulls the dense edge of the older sphere into the asthenosphere. this pulls the res of the plate as well

Front 11

asthenosphere

Back 11

one of the earths structural layers- a layer of weak warm rock the flows slowly over geologic time.

Front 12

continental drift

Back 12

The hypothesis that the worlds continents move slowly over earths surface

Front 13

convergent boundaries

Back 13

places where tectonic plates come together

Front 14

Core

Back 14

Earths innermost layer, mostly iron, includes inner and outer core

Front 15

crust

Back 15

earths surface layer, consisting of oceanic and continental crust

Front 16

Differentiation

Back 16

The process by which the earth formed layers according to density.

Front 17

divergent boundaries

Back 17

places where plates pull apart

Front 18

Earth Science

Back 18

study of history structure and natural processes of planet earth

Front 19

Earthquake

Back 19

the shaking of ground that results when rock under the earths surface moves or breaks

Front 20

Geology

Back 20

The earth science concerned with the composition and structure of earth

Front 21

Inner Core

Back 21

A solid sphere of hot metal, mostly iron at the center of the earth

Front 22

Lithosphere

Back 22

Earth's outermost structural layer, consisting of cool rigid rock

Front 23

Lower Mantle

Back 23

The lowest portion of the Mantle a zone of strong rigid rock

Front 24

Magma

Back 24

Molten rock in the earths Interior

Front 25

Mantle

Back 25

Thick layer of dense, hot rock between earth's crust and core

Front 26

Mid-Ocean ridge

Back 26

A global system of underwater mountains created by seafloor spreading

Front 27

Ocean Trenches

Back 27

Long, Deep, Steep troughs in the seafloor where an oceanic plate sinks beneath an overlying plate

Front 28

Outer Core

Back 28

A shell of hot liquid beneath the mantle and above the inner core

Front 29

Plate Tectonics

Back 29

The theory that earth's lithosphere is divided into large plates that move slowly around the globe

Front 30

Seafloor Spreading

Back 30

The process by which new lithosphere is created at mid-ocean ridges as older lithosphere moves away

Front 31

Seismology

Back 31

The study of seismic waves, waves that travel through the earth as a result of an earthquake or other disturbance.

Front 32

Subduction

Back 32

the sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle.

Front 33

Subduction Zone

Back 33

The region where an oceanic plate sinks into the asthenosphere at a convergent plate boundary

Front 34

Tectonic Plates

Back 34

Separate pieces of lithosphere that move on top of the asthenosphere

Front 35

Transform Boundaries

Back 35

Places where tectonic plates slide along beside each other as they move

Front 36

The lithosphere includes the crust and top part of the

Back 36

Mantle

Front 37

The layer of earth made up of soft rock that flows slowly over time is the

Back 37

asthenosphere

Front 38

What type of plate boundary lies between two plates that are moving away from each other?

Back 38

Divergent

Front 39

A long deep steep depression in the seafloor where subduction occurs is an

Back 39

Ocean Trench

Front 40

Is the earth's inner core a solid, liquid, or gas. Why?

Back 40

a solid because the pressure keeps it from melting

Front 41

Why is the outer core the source of the earths magnetic field?

Back 41

Moving liquid iron particles there form an electric current and an electric current always produces a magnetic field.

Front 42

Why doesn't the heat in Earth's core melt the earth?

Back 42

Heat escapes slowly because rock is a poor conductor

Front 43

Why is the inner core earths most dense region?

Back 43

The inner core is made mostly of iron

dense material sank toward the earth when it was molten

pressure packs atoms in the inner core tightly together

Front 44

Fossils such as glossopteris and mesosaurus have been found in widely separate continents because

Back 44

The continents were once connected in a supercontinent called pangea

Front 45

Plate Tectonics Explains

Back 45

How seafloor spreading and subduction account for the movement of tectonic plates

Why the continents move

Why plate boundaries are such active geologic regions

Front 46

Chemical Rocks

Back 46

Sedimentary rocks formed from minerals precipitated out of solution

Front 47

harry hess

Back 47

seafloor spreading

Front 48

wergner

Back 48

Pangea

Front 49

lehman

Back 49

proves earth is layered

Front 50

mohorijivic

Back 50

crust and mantle

Front 51

hutton

Back 51

father of modern geology

Front 52

how do scientists study the earths layers?What role do seismic waves play?

Back 52

Scientists study the earth through seismic waves created by earthquakes

Front 53

What layer creates the magnetic field how?

Back 53

The outer core creates the earths magnetic field

because it is full of heated moving particles that are creating a magnetic field

Front 54

How does the crust makeup differ from the core in respect to the elements found there?

Back 54

The crust has lighter elements like oxygen or hydrogen while the core has more dense elements like iron.

Front 55

What are the two types of crust? where do they occur? Which is more common? Why is the continental crust thicker?

Back 55

Continental- makes you the landmass

oceanic-underlies the ocean (most common)

Continental crust thicker because it has roots that go down under the earth

Front 56

Where do you find the youngest oceanic crust?

Back 56

near mid-ocean ridges where it is created

Front 57

Describe the process of seafloor spreading? who discovered it?

Back 57

harry hess, new lithosphere is created at midocean ridges

Front 58

how are earthquakes and volcanos related? How do we measure earthquakes? what scale is used?

Back 58

earthquakes and volcanos both occur at plate boundaries. The ricter scale is used to measure earthquakes.

Front 59

What are the three different types of faults?

Back 59

divergent, convergent, transform

Front 60

divergent

Back 60

plates moving away from each other

ex: seafloor spreading

Front 61

convergent

Back 61

plates moving toward each other. One plate ends up overtaking the other one.

Front 62

transform

Back 62

plates sliding against each other

the san adreas fault line

Front 63

What are minerals? What are they composed of?

Back 63

material that has 5 characteristics

naturaly occurring

inorganic

crystal structure

solid

specific

chemical comp

Front 64

what is the most common mineral on earth?

Back 64

quartz

Front 65

how are minerals formed? how do we measure hardness? what scale is used? why is color not a good identifier of mineral indentification?

Back 65

crystalization, resistance to scratching, mohs scale, some minerals can exist in different colors

Front 66

Describe the different types of minerals with regards to how they are formed?

Back 66

Cooling magma, Hydrothermal solutions, Evaporation, Pressure and temp change

Front 67

What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive rock?What are their other names? What is stone mountain? Which ones are created from a volcano?

Back 67

intrusive, plutons, forms from magma underground

Extrusive igneous or volcanic rock

stone mountain intrusive

Front 68

Describe the three types of rocks. How do they differ? How are each of them formed?which is the most common at earths surface?

Back 68

sedimentary igneous metamorphic

Front 69

Describe the two types of weathering that can occur to rocks? How do they differ?

Back 69

Clastic- Formed when bits and pieces of weatherd rocks to hold together

Chemical- when minerals percipitate out of a solution