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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phylum Porifera
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(Sponges)
-Body has many pores Mostly marine |
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Phylum Porifera Major Features
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most Primitive
Lack of tissues and organs asymmetrial sessile (Dont move) Chanocytes (collar cells) Skeleton-spicules |
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Chanocytes (collar cells)
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-inside linning of chambers
-flagellated-movement creates water currents which feeds and supplies needs -collar-like ring (seen in protist with choanoflages) |
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spicules
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spike-like, offer protection, some used to capture prey
-made of calcium carbonate or silica -some made of spongin- tough protein fibers |
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Phylum Porifera Human and Ecological Relevance
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1. spongin sponges=original "bath sponges" -now modeled for commercial sponges
2. water filtration -natural ecosystems and marine aquariums |
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Phylum Cnidaria
4 class? |
Class Hydrozoa- (Hydroids)
Class Scyphozoa- (True Jellyfish) Class Cubozoa-(Box Jellyfish) Class Anthozoa- (Anemones and Corals) |
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Phylum Cnidaria Major Features?
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Radial symmetry
Have distinct tissues -epidermis-outside tissue -gastrodermis-inside tissue Mesoglea-jelly-like layer b/w epidermis and gastrodermis *Two body forms -Polyp-mouth points up;attached to a surface -Medusa-mouth points down; swimming *Nematocysts -sting structures -capture and kill prey -defense |
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Medusa
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Polyp
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Class Hydrozoa
-Hydroids |
Fresh Water
Polyp stage ONLY Portuguese man-of-war -stretch testicles out up to 50 ft. -dangerous to humans -not true jellyfish -is really a colony or many individuals |
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Class Scyphozoa
-True Jellyfish |
-Dominant life cycle stage-Medusa
-some harmless; some painful, even deadly stings |
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Class Cubozoa
-Box Jellyfish |
-Some of the most deadly of all cnidarians
-Box shape and tentacles hang down from each of the 4 corners |
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Class Anthozoa
-Anemones and Corals |
-Lack medusa stage
-Cnidocytes lack normal "trigger" mechanism |
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Class Anthozoa
-Sea Anemones |
-soft bodied, solitary polyps topped with a "crown of hollow tentacles
-most are sessile and attach to a solid substrate -some have mutualistic associations with other organisms (ex -clown fish; hermit crab) |
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Class Anthozoa
-Hard or Stony Corals |
-Important part of formation of coral reefs
-have a calcium carbonate exoskeleton -many have mutualistic symbiotic relationships with algae -becoming threatened ecosystems |
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Class Anthozoa
-Soft Corals |
-do not secrete exoskeletons
ex: sea fans and sea pens |
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Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
3 groups |
1. Free-living Flatworms
-not parasitic, live in water 2. Flukes -parasitic in the intestines of animals 3. Tapeworms |
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Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
Major Characteristics? |
-soft dorsoventrally flattened bodies
-bilateral symmetry -Acoelomate-no body cavity -do have TRUE organs -most do have a primitive nervous system |
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Free-Living Flatworms
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-move by use of cilia and wavelike muscle contractions
-most have a digestive cavity with a single opening -most are carnivorous -some are herbivorous -some have a primitive brain and longitudinal nerve cords -most have two eye spots -asexual-transverse fission and regeneration -sexual-complex reproductive system; produce both male and female sex |
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Flukes
Major Characteristics? EX? |
1. Nearly all adult flukes are parasites of vertebrates with most having two or more hosts in their life cycle
2. Attach to host with sucker(s), anchors or hooks EXAMPLES BLOOD FLUKE-SCHISTOSOMA spp. -infect over 200 million people worldwide |
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TAPEWORM
Major Characteristics? Body zones? EX? |
-Parasites within vertebrate intestines
-Lack a digestive system and most other systems except the reproductive system -absorb nutrients through body Three body zones -Scolex the lines in the neck -Neck-the long part -region with a series of proglottides-reproductive segments (which are constantly being added) EX: BEEF TAPEWORM -other tapeworm species have pig and fish as intermediate hosts |
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PHYLUM ROTIFERA (ROTIERS)
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-mostly freshwater
-movement and feeding by cillia -bilateral symmetry -psudocoelomate -very small but have complex bodies with highly developed organs -complete gut |
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Phylum Nematoda (Nematodes or Roundworms)
Characteristics? HUMAN/ECO relevance? |
-psudocoelomates
-bilateral, unsegmented roundworms -parasites of animals and plants -longitudinal muscles only-movement is by a characteristic whip-like thrashing from side to side -Hydrostatic skeleton -mouth often equipped with piercing organs,stylets-needle like mouth--->anus HUMAN/ECO relevance -human and animal disease -plant disease/damage -insects pest control -decomposition and nutrient cycling -genetics research |
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Phylum Mollusca
classes? Characteristics? Body regions? |
4 CLASSES:
Class Gastropoda -Snails and Slugs Class Bivalvia (Bivalves)- Clams, scallops, mussels, oysters Class Cephalopoda -Octopuses and Squids Characteristics: -Coelomate and protosomate -Radula-a rasping tongue-like organ used for feeding (in all mollusks except the bivalves) Body Regions Head-Foot -muscular fleshy structure that is used to move around Visceral mass -a concentrated mass of most organs Mantle -folds of tissue that cover the visceral mass and usually secretes a shell as a n additional protective covering |
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Class Gastropoda
what is it? characteristics? human/eco relevance? |
(Snails and slugs)
-marine,freshwater and terrestrial habitats -Snails-a single, spiraled shell -snails-no shell -Torsion-an internal twisting of visceral mass, mantle and mantle cavity during early development- which the digestive tract is twisted into U-shape and gills,anus and openings from excretory and reproductive systems are brought to the front of the body near the head -herbivores,scavengers,predators, or parasites -one gill is aquatic species, mantle cavity acts as a lung in terrestrial species -open circulatory system Human/Eco Relevance -food source -decorative shells -intermediate hosts for human parasites -slugs and terrestrial snails can damage garden flowers/vegetable -some have potentially dangerous neurotoxins that they inject via a "harpoon" |
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Class Bivalvia
what is it? Characteristics? Human/eco Relevance? |
(Clam, Scallops, Oysters, Mussel)
-freshwater and marine -shell consist of two halves joined at a hinge -Gills for gas exchange and filter-feeding -digestive waste exits anus and excurrent water carries it away -Open circulatory system-flows out into the tissue space HUMAN/Eco Relevance -Food -Jewelry (shells and pearls) -Water Filter -Invasive Species EX: Zebra Mussel |
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Class Cephalopoda
what is it? Characteristics? Human/eco Relevance? |
(Octopuses and squids)
-most advanced and complex mollusks -anterior head-foot modified as tentacles (squid-10) or arms (octopuses-8) which is used to capture prey, attach to surface, move and in reproduction -shell reduced and internal (squid) or absent (octopus) -highly develped nervous systems and eyes that are similar in structure to vertebrate eyes -large brain -active predators -powerful beak-like jaws with radula -octopus injects venom into prey -squids-kill fish and shrimp by biting across back of head -the ONLY mollusks with a closed circulatory system Human/Eco relevance -food source -simpler system to study and learn about human brain and nervous systems -some Poisonous EX: BLUE RING OCTOPUS |
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Class Polyplacophora
what is it? characteristics? |
(Chitions)
-marine -oval body -covered dorsally with eight overlapping dorsal calcarous plates -body is not segmented -have 8 sets of dorsvental petal retractor muscles and repeated gills -herbivores that shollow marine habitats |
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Phylum Annelida
what is it? Characteristics? Groups? Human and Ecological Relavance? |
(segmented worms)
- coelomate and protostomate -segmented body-each segment has its own locomotor organs -segmentation allows for hydrostatic skeleton that lets the worm move in complex ways -specialization of segments/body -connections betwen segments -closed circulatory system Three Major Groups: -Polychaetes -Earthworms and aquatic oligochaetes -Leeches Human and Ecological Relacance: -Food Source -Earthworms important for aerating and enriching soil -fishing bait -leeches-medical uses "excess blood to prevent blood clots" |
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Polychaetes
Examples? |
-marine
-some live in tubes, some burrow in mud, some are active swimmers or crawlers -parapodia-fleshy paddlelike flaps with bristlelike satae (hairs) -well-developed head with specialized sense organs -most have separate sexes and external fertilization EXAMPLES: FEATHERDUSTER WORM SEA MOUSE FAN WORM CLAMWORM BRISTLE WORM TUBE WORM |
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Earthworms
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-few setae
-no parapodia -no eyes -eat their way through the soil/sediments, sucking soil in through the mouth and depositing castings out the anus -hermaphroditic with reciprocal sperm exchange during copulation |
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Leeches
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-freshwater
-prey on small animals or feed on body fluids of large animals -most are flattened dorsoventrally and tapered at the anterior end -most lack setae and all lack parapodia and head appendages -anterior and posterior segments usually modified into suckers -reproduction similar to earthworms |
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Phylum Arthropoda
what is it? Characteristics? Classes? |
Insects and related animals
-coelomate and protostomate -hard exoskeleton -segmented body jointed appendages-better manipulation of food, movement -Growth by molting or shed of exoskeleton and grown new one -open circulatory system and presence of hemocoel-internal cavity Class: -Class Hexapoda-Insects |
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Class Hexapoda
what is it? Characteristics? Human and Ecological Relavance? body features? |
insects
-incredible diversity -large number of species and individuals -most terrestrial -important links in virtually all food chains -three body regions :Head, Thorax, Abdomen -three pairs of legs (6 legs) -one pair of antennae -most have compound eyes -most have 2 wings -metamorphosis-change in body form -gas exchange via trachea Human Importance: -crop damage -building damage -parasites and vectors of disease ex: Mosquitos and Fly -insect products:honey, beeswax, silk, some dyes, shellac -important pollinators of crop -predators on harmful insects Ex: Praying Mantis |
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ORDER ODONATA (insects) -what are they? Major characteristics??
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(Dragonflies and Demselfies) - large eyes -larvae are aquatic predators -adults: two pairs of wings used to fight;good vision
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ORDER ODONATA (insects) -what are they? Major characteristics??
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(Dragonflies and Demselfies) - large eyes -larvae are aquatic predators -adults: two pairs of wings used to fight;good vision
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ORDER ORTHOPTERA (insects)
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Grasshoppers and crickets; herbivorous-eat crops; often large eyes and long antennae; males make sound
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ORDER HEMIPTERA (insects)
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True bugs
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ORDER HEMIPTERA (insects)
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-water bug, bed bug, stink bug -terrestrial or aquatic -piercing-sucking mouthparts -triangular fold of wings V
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ORDER HEMIPTERA (insects)
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True bugs
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ORDER HEMIPTERA (insects)
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-water bug, bed bug, stink bug -terrestrial or aquatic -piercing-sucking mouthparts -triangular fold of wings V
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ORDER COLEPTERA (insects)
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Beetles -most adults terrestrial -hardened body! -hard chewing mouth parts! Significance: agricultural pests
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ORDER HEMIPTERA (insects)
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True bugs
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ORDER HEMIPTERA (insects)
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-water bug, bed bug, stink bug -terrestrial or aquatic -piercing-sucking mouthparts -triangular fold of wings V
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ORDER COLEPTERA (insects)
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Beetles -most adults terrestrial -hardened body! -hard chewing mouth parts! Significance: agricultural pests
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ORDER LEPIDOPTER (insects)
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Butterflies and Moths -complete metamorphosis Butterflies: slender antennae, slender body, coloration, dinurnal. Moths: Antennae is feathered, pudgy body , dull color, nocturnal Significance: pollinators and as caterpillars-crop pests
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ORDER HYMENPTERA (insects)
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Bees,Wasps, Ants
-Chief pollinators of crops -complex societies with caste system |
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CLASS: CENTIPEDES AND MILLIPEDES
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-terrestrial in moist habitats
-many segments, each on have one pair of legs (centipedes), each one have TWO pairs of legs in Millipedes -Centipedes have poisonous fangs/claws -Millipedes are herbivorous and feed on decaying vegetation -Millipedes roll into balls for protection and may also produce foul-smelling or toxic repellents -BOTH HAVE ONE PAIR OF ANTENNAE |
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CLASS CHELICERATA
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SPIDERS AND RELATIVES
- Arachnids- spiders, scoprpions, ticks, mites, daddy longlegs and horseshoe crab Body Features: -two body regions-Forebody and Hindbody -8 legs (4 pair) -other specialized appendages also present near the mouth -NO ANTENNAE -1-6 simple eyes -spinnerets on hind-body of spiders |
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CLASS CRUSTACEA
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-crabs, shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, barncles, isopods, and small freshwater animals
- Mostly aquatic -exoskeleton is impregnated with calcium carbonate -many segments with various appendages for walking, swimming,and capturing prey -2 pairs of antennae -a pair of compound eyes and often others eyes as well |
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PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA
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1. SEA STARS/STARFISH
2. BRITTLE STARS 3. SEA URCHINS AND SAND DOLLARS 4. SEA CUCUMBERS MAJOR FEATURES: - coelomate and duterostomate-egg become the anus -bilateral larvae, secondary radial symmetry in adults -endoskeleton -water-vascular system-a fluid system composed of a central ring canal and radial canals extending out into body and arms called TUBE FEET |
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SEA STARS
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-Most have 5 arms
-move by acton of tube feet with suction disks -predators and scavengers -regeneration and asexual reproduction |
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BRITTLE STARS
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-longer arms with more distinctive central disk
-tube feet LACK SUCTION DISKS |
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SEA URCHINS AND SAND DOLLARS
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-SEA URCHINS: spines and tube feet used to move over hard substrates
-SAND DOLLARS- partially burrow in sand or mud and use tube feet to catch food -lack distinctive arms, but have the same 5-part body plan |
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SEA CUCUMBERS
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-crawl around or burrow in sand or mud
-no arms -tube feet surround mouth -mouth-anous digestive system |
