Invasive Species And Questions - Final Exam

Front 1

European Birch

Back 1

Betula pendula

Front 2

White Mulberry

Back 2

Morus alba

Front 3

Japanese Knotweed

Back 3

Polygonum cuspidatum

Front 4

Sweet Cherry

Back 4

Prunus avium

Front 5

Norway Maple

Back 5

Acer platanoides

Front 6

Tree-of-Heaven

Back 6

Ailanthus altissima

Front 7

European Alder

Back 7

Alnus glutinosa

Front 8

Common Buckthorn

Back 8

Rhamnus cathartica

Front 9

Glossy Buckthorn

Back 9

Rhamnus frangula

Front 10

Multiflora Rose

Back 10

Rosa multiflora

Front 11

Garlic Mustard

Back 11

Alliaria petiolata

Front 12

Phragmites

Back 12

Phragmites australis

Front 13

Burning Bush

Back 13

Euonymus alatus

Front 14

Japanese Barberry

Back 14

Berberis thunbergii

Front 15

Tartarian Honeysuckle

Back 15

Lonicera tartarica

Front 16

European Alders have sticky twigs and leaves, thus the name "glutinosa." The native Speckle Alder has pointed leaves, the European has round leaves.

Back 16

How are European Alders different from native ones?

Front 17

Leaves are high in nitrogen, so when they fall on the ground they encourage high decomposition of leaf litter. Changes soil fertility.

Back 17

How does Common Buckthorn affect the soil around it?

Front 18

Fringed stipule in Multiflora rose.

Back 18

How do you distinguish between native roses and the Multiflora rose?

Front 19

Garlic Mustard releases allelotoxins into the soil, killing mycorrhizal bacteria. Hardwood's are stunted in growth and hardwood seedlings die.

Back 19

How does Garlic Mustard affect the surrounding soil?

Front 20

- clog waterways

- decrease wetland area

- monoculture

- extremely invasive

Back 20

How are Phragmites a problem?

Front 21

Four corky winged ridges along green twigs, differentiates it from native Wahoo and Spindletree.

Back 21

What is distinctive about Burning Bush twigs?

Front 22

Call it Barberry because of the barbs on its stems. Out competes native shrubs, leaf litter alters soil chemistry, safety hazard.

Back 22

Why do they call is Barberry? What issues does this invasive pose?

Front 23

Pith is brown with hollow center in Tartarian, native has solid white pith.

Back 23

What is the difference between native and Tartarian Honeysuckle?

Front 24

An organism that is not wanted in a given area, because it causes damage or interferes with management goals.

Back 24

What is a "weed"?

Front 25

A non-native/exotic/alien species is one that was introduced on purpose or by accident to a region by humans, which were not in the region beforehand and would not be spread except for human interference.

Back 25

What is a "non-native"?

Front 26

A noxious weed is one that is designated legally as a pest (often agricultural pests). These species can: decrease crop yield and quality, harbor insects and diseases of crops, create unsafe conditions, poison humans, wildlife and livestock.

Back 26

What does a "noxious weed" refer to?

Front 27

1) High reproductive rates

2) Highly competitive for resources

3) Able to grow in flourish in a variety of habitats.

Back 27

What makes a species "invasive"?

Front 28

1) Rapid growth and short life cycle.

2) Deep root system.

3) Prolific flowering.

4) Able to grow in wide range of habitats.

5) High number of seeds produced.

6) Long seed dormancy and staggered germination.

7) Efficient method of seed dispersal.

8) Able to reproduce asexually or sexually.

9) If they sexually reproduce, can make use of available pollinators in environment (insects, birds, bats).

10) Plant growth and reproduction do not match native cycles.

11) Provide shade, can be great detriment to native plants.

12) Benefit from allelopathy.

13) Resistant to grazing.

Back 28

List some common characteristics of invasive plants.

Front 29

1) Disturbance regimes (i.e. fires)

2) Hydrology

3) Geomorphological processes (i.e. erosion, sedimentation).

4) Soil chemistry (i.e. nutrients)

Back 29

What are some ecosystem level impacts of invasives?

Front 30

1) Vegetation structure

2) Community (species) composition

3) Resource competition

4) Negative impacts on native animals

5) Promotion of non-native invasive animals

6) Population eliminations, reductions

7) Reduced recruitment of natives (succession)

8) Hybridization with native species

Back 30

Name some community and population level impacts of invasives.