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448 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
The way people describe themselves is ____.
important
People want to identify with ___.
what they have it common.
What forms groups?
The desire to identify with what we have in common.
People want to work in a group, but ____.
maintain individuality.
Why is identity hard to define?
1) It is fluid.
2) There are layers to an identity.
How is an identity "fluid"?
Culture, music, and tastes often change. This change occurs not only on an individual level, but also a community and national one too.
What kind of "layers" are in an identity?
Country, religion, hometown, etc..
Layers in identities are ____
simultaneous and always changing
Name 5 markers for who we are.
Language, Age, Tribal Affiliations, Citizenship, Status
Many groups can be created by an ____.
External party.

(Nazis and Jews)
A lot of conflict comes from the ____.
difference between how others see me and how I see myself.
What is a "State"?
A political entity.
What are the criteria for being a state?
1. Territory
2. Permanent population
3. Sovereignty
4. Effective government
The labels of "State" and "Country" often ____.
overlap
What is a "Country"?
A geographical and physical entity.
What is an example of somewhere that is not a state, but is a country?
England, Wales, etc..
What is a "Nation"?
A cultural entity.
What is the biggest identifier of a Nation?
A "shared history",
What is a Nation-State?
A political entity where everyone inside identifies with the same nation.

There are only 5, and one is Japan.
What are "Foundational Documents"?
Early theories that develop in the 1750-1900 time area. Written by the Intelligencia.
What was the goal of Foundational Documents?
Giving people something concrete to believe and read it. To distinguish oneself as a member of a country. To build a government that would continue to protect itself.
What was deal with Articulating an identity at the time?
It was difficult to create cohesive arguments for oneself. They needed OUTSIDE help.
What did the Intelligencia write about, generally?
What it meant to be ____ (insert country name) ish. Defining theory into concrete or vague idea.s
What did the Intelligencia explain?
How to mix nationalism with the state.
What occured to individuals in the Intelligencia?
They were inspired by previous writers, and later inspired newer writers.
Where did Intelligencia come from?
France, Germany, and Italy.
What were the Intelligencia known for?
Criticizing governments, really.
Which was the first country to experience Intelligencia effects?
France.
What was tough for France?
They had to develop their ideas about nationalism, and be FIRST.
What are some difficulties for the Intelligencia?
They had to turn vague thoughts of nationalism into action.
Why did members of the Intelligencia need to turn thoughts of Nationalism into action?
Their ideas only work as long as people PARTICIPATE.
Why was the Revolution coming in France?
People felt opressed and marginalized.
People had no power.
What happened after Intelligencia documents started in France?
The ideas rippled out across Europe to other places with revolution.
Who was the first Intellegiencia writer?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Who wrote the "Considerations on the Government Poland", and when?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in 1772.
Why did Jean-Jacques Rousseau write a manifesto for Poland?
There was a lot of turmoil there, a lot of anarchy. He believed this was because the government did not REFLECT the nation/people.
What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe Poland needed?
A NATION STATE.
What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe about Nations?
Stability comes through the nation, the people. Not the government. He says a government needs to reflect what it means to be a member of that group.
Who said "Even Bad Legislation Produces Good Citizens?"
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
What comes with a government that reflects the people?
The people are now RESPONSIBLE for their government.
Who was the second Intelligencia writer?
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes.
Who was Emmanuel Jospeph Sieves inspired by?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Name the 5 Intelligencia Members.
Rousseau
Sieyes
Fichte
Hegel
Renan
Why did Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes write "What is the Third Estate?"?
He was inspired by Rousseau's work, "Considerations on the Government Poland"
Who wrote "What is the Third Estate?"?
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes.
What was "The Third Estate"?
The people/EVERYTHING.
What were the three estates in France?
Clergy

Nobility

EVERYONE ELSE.
What country was "What is the Third Estate?" written about?
France.
When is "What is the Third Estate?" written?
1789.
Why is the "3rd Estate" so important, according to Sieyes?
They make society possible, produce everything, and allow society to function.
The way people describe themselves is ____.
important
People want to identify with ___.
what they have it common.
What forms groups?
The desire to identify with what we have in common.
People want to work in a group, but ____.
maintain individuality.
Why is identity hard to define?
1) It is fluid.
2) There are layers to an identity.
How is an identity "fluid"?
Culture, music, and tastes often change. This change occurs not only on an individual level, but also a community and national one too.
What kind of "layers" are in an identity?
Country, religion, hometown, etc..
Layers in identities are ____
simultaneous and always changing
Name 5 markers for who we are.
Language, Age, Tribal Affiliations, Citizenship, Status
Many groups can be created by an ____.
External party.

(Nazis and Jews)
A lot of conflict comes from the ____.
difference between how others see me and how I see myself.
What is a "State"?
A political entity.
What are the criteria for being a state?
1. Territory
2. Permanent population
3. Sovereignty
4. Effective government
The labels of "State" and "Country" often ____.
overlap
What is a "Country"?
A geographical and physical entity.
What is an example of somewhere that is not a state, but is a country?
England, Wales, etc..
What is a "Nation"?
A cultural entity.
What is the biggest identifier of a Nation?
A "shared history",
Who expanded on Fichte's ideas?
Hegel.
When did "The Philosophy of World History?" get written and where?
1837, Germany.
Who inspired Hegel?
Fichte.
What did Hegel believe?
That there were 4 major races that were the strongest in the world, and Germany was one of them.
What did Hegel think of Germans?
They were powerful, and INHERENTLY MORALLY SUPERIOR.
What was the reaction to Hegel's ideas?
Horror by France and Italy.
Who rebuked Hegel's book?
Mazini
What did Mazini write?
"Duties of Man"
When did Mazini write "Duties of Man"? and where?
1860. Italy.
What did Mazini believe?
1. Hegel was wrong.
2. Exclusionary Nationalism was wrong, you needed COMMUNITY.
3. That France was originally right.
4. The HIGHEST DUTY is to work on your nation. If you do, you should represent your people.
Who wrote "The Philosophy of World History?"
Hegel.
Who was the 5th Intelligencia?
Ernest Renan
What did "What is a Nation?" say?
Community
Shared History
and Liberal Political Activism

were vital.
What did "What is a Nation?" add?
REFERENDUMS.
Who wrote "What is a Nation?", when, and where?
Renan
1882
France
What were governments in the Romantic Period focusing on?
Their history, returning to the "good old times".
Why was history important to romantic period members?
People wanted to romanticize the past.
What did people of the romantic period do to the past?
They created idealized versions of the past.
How could governments utilize idealized versions of the past?
There had to be a PUBLIC consensus to that history.
Idealized history was to act as what?
The OFFICIAL RECORD of the nation.
What was done in the romantic period to get period to be nationalistic in a certain way?
The use of idealized histories.
What kind of idealized history did governments create?
History reflecting the goals those goverments have.
These idealized histories were often ___.
imaginary.
Why do we call idealized histories "myths"?
They are often not close to reality.
What happened to people who didn't believe the idealized histories?
A lot of people were excluded or hated.
What is Official Memory?
How a group officially chooses to remember certain events.
What was the Earliest incident of National idealized history?
The idea that during the French Revolution, all classes and people were fighting in the streets.
What one of the American Myths?
American Exceptionalism- the idea that our nation and origins make use unique.
What strove america to the space race?
American Myths about exceptionalism.
What happenes to symbols involved with national myths?
They are overly sacralized.
How do Print and Capitalism help people to understand their community?
They see how they, as a group, are defined.
What does Nationalism do for people?
Reflect them.
What are the 2 main factors for nationalization?
Print and Nation Building
Global exploration and print are ___.
Very intertwined.
What did Renan write?
"What is a Nation?"
What are Spacial Relationships?
Where people sit, either phjysically or culturally.
What does a community that is sovereign and limited result in?
People who are excluded.
What are special relationships?
Understanding the physical space you ansd your village appear at.
What kind of maps did early explorers have?
Bad maps.
As cartography improves, so does what?
The quality of the maps.
To identify, what do you need?
LIMITS
Why did maps advance so quickyl?
There was quite a lot of money involved in exploration.
What spawns bureaucracy?
The need for records as maps grow and boundaries are more clear.
To collect taxes, what became important?
A census!
What kinds of things could be marked on a map?
Population
Religion
Languages
What helps the downfall of dynastic realms?
Maps. They create boundaries, which require bureaucracy, which spawned the census.
What do people begin to do to themselves as maps and print appear?
They IMAGINE themselves and imagine identities.
What gives the limits needed to identify oneself?
Maps
National governments in nationalism should __ the people.
reflect
What does comparing yourself to others do?
Help define yourself and know your limits.
What do maps give people?
identities
What is the function from nation building to spacial comparison?
National Building
Exploring
Map
Spacial Comparison
What kinds of things appear on maps?
population, religion, languages
What is a major part of the fall of dynastic-ism?
cartography
Who are "The Others"?
Anyone that is not a part of your national identity/narrative.
Even if you don't interract with some people in your country, you can still ____ with them.
identify
What is the Principle of Inclusion?
the theory that you will develop a community with people you have a lot in common with, and EXCLUDE the Others.
What is the Principle of Exclusion not ALWAYS about?
Not always about condemning other group. It just means exclusion.
What is all Principle of Inclusion about, really?
Narrowing down, through layers, who you are.
Communities based after excluding others eventually forms the what?
nation-state
What is the easiest way to narrow down who you are?
By excluding others, not shrinking your borders.
What two forces worked together to create nation-states?
print and exploration
What was the European narrative?
A larger theory that European collectively saw themselves as the pinnacle of civility.
Define Belleepoque
Belief that European society had surpassed all others in civility. This allowed Europe to justify going into other countries and forcing them to civilize.
What is the basis for where the borders of a nation lie?
Inclusion and Exclusion
What were people outside the European narrative?
Sub-human
normal pressure communicating hydrocephalus
inpaired absorption of CSF by arachnoid granulations

post meningitis arachnoid adhesions or TB meningitis or blood from subarachnoid hemorrhage
What attitude allowed imperial systems?
Bellee poque, European superiority
What is Social Darwism?
a bastardized form of Darwin's evolution of species in which slavery and imperialism was rationalized with.
What are national myths?
theories that create ideas about how nation are formed. They are important and sacrileged.
hydrocephalus ex vacuo
increased CSF secondary to overall brain atrophy

normal intracranial pressure

ex. alzheimer's dz, advanced HIV, Pick's disease
What is more important question that "What is the narrative?"
"Who wrote it?"
What is a cultural narrative?
Social cohesion in a society that has people who do not see themselves as being in common, grouped together.
High culture was limited to who?
ONLY the Elite.
How did the Elite spread the narrative to the dumb masses?
Pop Culture. Dumb it down and spread it out.
Who wrote the cultural narratives?
The Elite, the rich. Members of "high culture".
What does having the power to control a narrative give you?
The power to control politics
What did the writers of the cultural narratives get to decide?
What stays, and what GOES.
What did the Berlin Conference inspire?
race-based theories, like phronology
What is phronology?
study of head shape for personality
What was the Berlin Conference?
The congolmeration of European countries to discuss "The Africa Problem".
Why did countries want to maintain colonies despite imperial decline?
Economic benefits.
What was the White Man's Burden?
The idea that Europeans' were tasked with the work of 'civilizing' other areas.
What are some things a metropole needed to change in order to 'civilize' the people?
Education, Religion, Language, Clothes
What were some obstacles in stopping a country from maintaining its colonies?
1. Expensive to administrate
2. They accidentally created cultural narratives for the colonists.
3. After World War I and II, European countries lost the moral emperative.

ALL these issues happened simulatenously.
What 2 areas did metropoles focus their funding into with colonies?
EDUCATION

MILITARY
Metropoles didn't want colonies to become too ____.
civilized
What happened to the few people that got good educations in colonies?
They become intelligencia
What is one way that cultural narratives formed within colonies?
Examples in textbooks comparing Europeans to "native" dress. Europeans accidentally OTHER'd themselves.
Nationalism is about getting from Point A to Point B, and done through ___.
violence
When is an entity truly a nation-state?
Not when nations and states overlap, but when they are one in the same.
What is Point A, in nationalism?
The point of a nation-city where Intelligencia write a cultural narrative. However, not all of them agree on what the narrative should be.
What are the characteristics of nationalism?
1. It's an ongoing process.
2. Done by either the Popular type or the Instrumental type
3. Violent (threat or real)
What are the Steps in creating a cultural narrative?
1. Eliminate competing narratives.
2. Use social/political power to make people conform. Those that don't conform are Other'd.
3. Point B, the end. You control the nationalism.
You get multiple Point A's with nationalism because of multiple intelligencia. What does this conclude to?
VIOLENCE
What are the two kinds of nationalism, and how do they differ?
Popular: "From Below", the 'People'
Social: "From above", the government
Popular nationalism gives you what kind of power?
social power
What is a "coup"?
Minority taking power from the Majority (not numbers, but power). This is done within instrumental nationalism.
Name the 3 chains of nationalism.
1. Popular -> Social Power > Control Nation > Take Social Power.
2. Intrumental->
a. ->political power > take social power
b. -> coup - > political power - > take social power
Instrumental nationalism gives you what kind of power?
political power
Where was Benedict Anderson born?
China
Where does Anderson work?
Cornell
What does "imaginary" mean?
Not fake, it means "ideal". Communities are created and idealized. Not fake.
Who wrote Imagined Communities?
Benedict Anderson
What are the two factors of nationalism?
It is both limited and sovereign.
How does Anderson say nationalism is limited?
Not everyone can be involved, and the country has borders.
How does Anderson say nationalism is sovereign?
The country is different from the surroundings and controls everything within its borders.
Anderson is both ___ and ___
primordial and modernist
According to Anderson, to be a nation requires what?
You have to be self-sonscious in that nation; you must be aware of it.
According to Anderson, how specifically can a nation form? What is needed?
You need a CATALYST.
According to Anderson, to be conscious about your country, ____
you have to be fully into it.
According to Anderson, what are the two specific systems in place?
Religious Community and Dynastic Realm
Where did the idea of "kinship to nationalism" really begin?
Creole.
According to Anderson, what did you need to know to be among the elite?
You had to be literate, and you had to know Latin.
What happens to Latin as other languages surge?
It becomes LESS SACRED and loses CULTURAL AUTHORITY
According to Anderson, what gives dynastic systems power?
Religious authority.
According to Anderson, why is the power-weakening of religious authority bad for the dyanstic systems?
Dyanstic systems got power from religious authority.
Who wrote Popular Culture, Geopolitics, and Identity?
Dittmer.
What is geopolitics?
Human geography
Why did Dittmer write "Pop Culture, Geopolitics, and Identity"?
- There was a gap in the study
- He wanted to make Geopolitics accessible to people.
How does Dittmer explain Geopolitics?
Accesible examples.
How does Pop culture NOT form?
On its own.
What does Dittmer want to do with the 3 big topics?
DEFINE and COMBINE them.
What is a requirement for Pop Culture?
You have to be able to identify with it WITH YOUR IDENTITY.
What is Pop Culture's target audience?
The biggest group they can bring together, with high identification levels.
What is very common in pop culture?
SELF-REPRESENTATION. We, the culture, are reflected.
How does DItmer, on the global scale, describe those with little cultural power?
"Weaker".
What is a subculture trying to do?
Create completely new forms of culture, asserting themselves WITH POP CULTURE.
Difference between country and state?
Essentially there isn't one. It's a self governing poolitical entity.
What does pop culture have to do with geopolitics?
You have to PARTICIPATE in your culture to show pop culture.
Essentially, what is a nation state?
A nation with borders as a state.
Difference between state and nation?
a nation is a group of people who share common culture.
What did Fichte want to do?
Define being German, with scientific methods.
fluent speech
poor comprehension
wernickes lesion

wernicke's: superior temporal gyrus
What did Fichte say about the German Language?
It was very durable, and so Germans must be as well.
Who was Fichte's biggest target?
The Jews.
Who wrote "Addresses to the German Nation?"
Fichte.
How did Fichte go about detailing Nationalism?
Picking who is German, and WHO ISN'T. Who is harmful, and getting them out of the country.
What kind of Nationalism did Fichte Support?
"Exclusionary Nationalism", very dangerous.
When was "Addresses to the German Nation?" written?
1808.
What did both Rousseu and Sieyes consider important?
Shared History
Community
Liberal Political Activism
Who was the third Intelligencia?
Johann Gotllieb Fichte.
What did Germany look for within its own idea of Nationalism?
Race
Ethnicity
Languages.
What defined German skepticism towards Intelligencia?
They wanted a strong dedication to science and objective evidence, NOT community or shared history.
After France, which country was affected by Intelligencia?
Germany.
What happens to the messages of the Intelligencia while it spreads to new countries?
It changes, for both the better and for the worst.
What might a critic of some of the Intelligencia say?
They were idealistic.
What were Sieyes and Rousseau pushing for?
-All people of a nation that are exluded, should bond together, and that while it may be violent, it will be for everyone's good.
What did Sieyes say about the first two estates?
They were parasites.
Why is the "3rd Estate" so important, according to Sieyes?
They make society possible, produce everything, and allow society to function.
When is "What is the Third Estate?" written?
1789.
What country was "What is the Third Estate?" written about?
France.
What were the three estates in France?
Clergy

Nobility

EVERYONE ELSE.
What was "The Third Estate"?
The people/EVERYTHING.
Who wrote "What is the Third Estate?"?
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes.
Why did Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes write "What is the Third Estate?"?
He was inspired by Rousseau's work, "Considerations on the Government Poland"
Name the 5 Intelligencia Members.
Rousseau
Sieyes
Fichte
Hegel
Renan
Who was Emmanuel Jospeph Sieves inspired by?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Who was the second Intelligencia writer?
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes.
What comes with a government that reflects the people?
The people are now RESPONSIBLE for their government.
Who said "Even Bad Legislation Produces Good Citizens?"
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe about Nations?
Stability comes through the nation, the people. Not the government. He says a government needs to reflect what it means to be a member of that group.
What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe Poland needed?
A NATION STATE.
Why did Jean-Jacques Rousseau write a manifesto for Poland?
There was a lot of turmoil there, a lot of anarchy. He believed this was because the government did not REFLECT the nation/people.
Who wrote the "Considerations on the Government Poland", and when?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in 1772.
What happened after Intelligencia documents started in France?
The ideas rippled out across Europe to other places with revolution.
Who was the first Intellegiencia writer?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
What was tough for France?
They had to develop their ideas about nationalism, and be FIRST.
Which was the first country to experience Intelligencia effects?
France.
Why did members of the Intelligencia need to turn thoughts of Nationalism into action?
Their ideas only work as long as people PARTICIPATE.
Why was the Revolution coming in France?
People felt opressed and marginalized.
People had no power.
What are some difficulties for the Intelligencia?
They had to turn vague thoughts of nationalism into action.
What did the Intelligencia write about, generally?
What it meant to be ____ (insert country name) ish. Defining theory into concrete or vague idea.s
Where did Intelligencia come from?
France, Germany, and Italy.
What occured to individuals in the Intelligencia?
They were inspired by previous writers, and later inspired newer writers.
What were the Intelligencia known for?
Criticizing governments, really.
What did the Intelligencia explain?
How to mix nationalism with the state.
What was the goal of Foundational Documents?
Giving people something concrete to believe and read it. To distinguish oneself as a member of a country. To build a government that would continue to protect itself.
What are "Foundational Documents"?
Early theories that develop in the 1750-1900 time area. Written by the Intelligencia.
People want to identify with ___.
what they have it common.
What was deal with Articulating an identity at the time?
It was difficult to create cohesive arguments for oneself. They needed OUTSIDE help.
What is a Nation-State?
A political entity where everyone inside identifies with the same nation.

There are only 5, and one is Japan.
The way people describe themselves is ____.
important
People want to work in a group, but ____.
maintain individuality.
What forms groups?
The desire to identify with what we have in common.
Why is identity hard to define?
1) It is fluid.
2) There are layers to an identity.
How is an identity "fluid"?
Culture, music, and tastes often change. This change occurs not only on an individual level, but also a community and national one too.
What kind of "layers" are in an identity?
Country, religion, hometown, etc..
Layers in identities are ____
simultaneous and always changing
Name 5 markers for who we are.
Language, Age, Tribal Affiliations, Citizenship, Status
Essentially, what is a nation state?
A nation with borders as a state.
Difference between state and nation?
a nation is a group of people who share common culture.
Difference between country and state?
Essentially there isn't one. It's a self governing poolitical entity.
What is a subculture trying to do?
Create completely new forms of culture, asserting themselves WITH POP CULTURE.
What does pop culture have to do with geopolitics?
You have to PARTICIPATE in your culture to show pop culture.
How does DItmer, on the global scale, describe those with little cultural power?
"Weaker".
What is Pop Culture's target audience?
The biggest group they can bring together, with high identification levels.
What is very common in pop culture?
SELF-REPRESENTATION. We, the culture, are reflected.
How does Pop culture NOT form?
On its own.
dementia
gait problems
urinary incontinence
triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus

(wet, wobbly, wacky)
stroke imaging:
bright on ? in what amount of time
dark on ? in what amount of time
MRI in 3-30 min (shows ischemia if it occurred this time frame)

CT in 24 hours (ischemia due to hemorrhage not seen until after 24hrs)
How does Dittmer explain Geopolitics?
Accesible examples.
Why did Dittmer write "Pop Culture, Geopolitics, and Identity"?
- There was a gap in the study
- He wanted to make Geopolitics accessible to people.
What is geopolitics?
Human geography
Who wrote Popular Culture, Geopolitics, and Identity?
Dittmer.
According to Anderson, why is the power-weakening of religious authority bad for the dyanstic systems?
Dyanstic systems got power from religious authority.
Where did the idea of "kinship to nationalism" really begin?
Creole.
What happens to Latin as other languages surge?
It becomes LESS SACRED and loses CULTURAL AUTHORITY
According to Anderson, what gives dynastic systems power?
Religious authority.
According to Anderson, what are the two specific systems in place?
Religious Community and Dynastic Realm
lacunar strokes
block small vessels,
secondary to HTN

usu occur in the internal capsule
According to Anderson, how specifically can a nation form? What is needed?
You need a CATALYST.
According to Anderson, to be conscious about your country, ____
you have to be fully into it.
What are the two factors of nationalism?
It is both limited and sovereign.
Anderson is both ___ and ___
primordial and modernist
According to Anderson, to be a nation requires what?
You have to be self-sonscious in that nation; you must be aware of it.
How does Anderson say nationalism is limited?
Not everyone can be involved, and the country has borders.
How does Anderson say nationalism is sovereign?
The country is different from the surroundings and controls everything within its borders.
Where was Benedict Anderson born?
China
Where does Anderson work?
Cornell
What does "imaginary" mean?
Not fake, it means "ideal". Communities are created and idealized. Not fake.
Name the 3 chains of nationalism.
1. Popular -> Social Power > Control Nation > Take Social Power.
2. Intrumental->
a. ->political power > take social power
b. -> coup - > political power - > take social power
Who wrote Imagined Communities?
Benedict Anderson
What is a "coup"?
Minority taking power from the Majority (not numbers, but power). This is done within instrumental nationalism.
What is Point A, in nationalism?
The point of a nation-city where Intelligencia write a cultural narrative. However, not all of them agree on what the narrative should be.
Instrumental nationalism gives you what kind of power?
political power
What are the two kinds of nationalism, and how do they differ?
Popular: "From Below", the 'People'
Social: "From above", the government
Popular nationalism gives you what kind of power?
social power
What are the Steps in creating a cultural narrative?
1. Eliminate competing narratives.
2. Use social/political power to make people conform. Those that don't conform are Other'd.
3. Point B, the end. You control the nationalism.
crescent shaped hemorrhage that CROSSESS suture line in CT scan
subdural hematoma cause
rupture of bridging veins
venous bleeding

btwn dura and arachnoid matter
When is an entity truly a nation-state?
Not when nations and states overlap, but when they are one in the same.
What are the characteristics of nationalism?
1. It's an ongoing process.
2. Done by either the Popular type or the Instrumental type
3. Violent (threat or real)
What happened to the few people that got good educations in colonies?
They become intelligencia
What is one way that cultural narratives formed within colonies?
Examples in textbooks comparing Europeans to "native" dress. Europeans accidentally OTHER'd themselves.
Nationalism is about getting from Point A to Point B, and done through ___.
violence
Metropoles didn't want colonies to become too ____.
civilized
What are some things a metropole needed to change in order to 'civilize' the people?
Education, Religion, Language, Clothes
What 2 areas did metropoles focus their funding into with colonies?
EDUCATION

MILITARY
What were some obstacles in stopping a country from maintaining its colonies?
1. Expensive to administrate
2. They accidentally created cultural narratives for the colonists.
3. After World War I and II, European countries lost the moral emperative.

ALL these issues happened simulatenously.
Why did countries want to maintain colonies despite imperial decline?
Economic benefits.
What was the White Man's Burden?
The idea that Europeans' were tasked with the work of 'civilizing' other areas.
What is phronology?
study of head shape for personality
What did the Berlin Conference inspire?
race-based theories, like phronology
What was the Berlin Conference?
The congolmeration of European countries to discuss "The Africa Problem".
What did the writers of the cultural narratives get to decide?
What stays, and what GOES.
What does having the power to control a narrative give you?
The power to control politics
How did the Elite spread the narrative to the dumb masses?
Pop Culture. Dumb it down and spread it out.
High culture was limited to who?
ONLY the Elite.
Who wrote the cultural narratives?
The Elite, the rich. Members of "high culture".
What are narratives?
Shows or sequences of events as to what formed a culture, and then used to explain where said culture is going. It also explains how people are "supposed" to act.
What is more important question that "What is the narrative?"
"Who wrote it?"
What are national myths?
theories that create ideas about how nation are formed. They are important and sacrileged.
What was the European narrative?
A larger theory that European collectively saw themselves as the pinnacle of civility.
What is Social Darwism?
a bastardized form of Darwin's evolution of species in which slavery and imperialism was rationalized with.
What is a cultural narrative?
Social cohesion in a society that has people who do not see themselves as being in common, grouped together.
What were people outside the European narrative?
Sub-human
What is phronology?
using the same of the head to measure a person's characteristics
What attitude allowed imperial systems?
Bellee poque, European superiority
Define Belleepoque
Belief that European society had surpassed all others in civility. This allowed Europe to justify going into other countries and forcing them to civilize.
What two forces worked together to create nation-states?
print and exploration
What is the basis for where the borders of a nation lie?
Inclusion and Exclusion
Communities based after excluding others eventually forms the what?
nation-state
Many groups can be created by an ____.
External party.

(Nazis and Jews)
What is the easiest way to narrow down who you are?
By excluding others, not shrinking your borders.
A lot of conflict comes from the ____.
difference between how others see me and how I see myself.
What is all Principle of Inclusion about, really?
Narrowing down, through layers, who you are.
What is a "State"?
A political entity.
What is the Principle of Exclusion not ALWAYS about?
Not always about condemning other group. It just means exclusion.
What are the criteria for being a state?
1. Territory
2. Permanent population
3. Sovereignty
4. Effective government
What is the Principle of Inclusion?
the theory that you will develop a community with people you have a lot in common with, and EXCLUDE the Others.
The labels of "State" and "Country" often ____.
overlap
Even if you don't interract with some people in your country, you can still ____ with them.
identify
What is a "Country"?
A geographical and physical entity.
Who are "The Others"?
Anyone that is not a part of your national identity/narrative.
What is an example of somewhere that is not a state, but is a country?
England, Wales, etc..
What kinds of things appear on maps?
population, religion, languages
What is a "Nation"?
A cultural entity.
What is a major part of the fall of dynastic-ism?
cartography
What is the biggest identifier of a Nation?
A "shared history",
What is the function from nation building to spacial comparison?
National Building
Exploring
Map
Spacial Comparison
What is a Nation-State?
A political entity where everyone inside identifies with the same nation.

There are only 5, and one is Japan.
What do maps give people?
identities
What are "Foundational Documents"?
Early theories that develop in the 1750-1900 time area. Written by the Intelligencia.
What does comparing yourself to others do?
Help define yourself and know your limits.
What was the goal of Foundational Documents?
Giving people something concrete to believe and read it. To distinguish oneself as a member of a country. To build a government that would continue to protect itself.
National governments in nationalism should __ the people.
reflect
What was deal with Articulating an identity at the time?
It was difficult to create cohesive arguments for oneself. They needed OUTSIDE help.
What do people begin to do to themselves as maps and print appear?
They IMAGINE themselves and imagine identities.
What did the Intelligencia write about, generally?
What it meant to be ____ (insert country name) ish. Defining theory into concrete or vague idea.s
What helps the downfall of dynastic realms?
Maps. They create boundaries, which require bureaucracy, which spawned the census.
What did the Intelligencia explain?
How to mix nationalism with the state.
What kinds of things could be marked on a map?
Population
Religion
Languages
What occured to individuals in the Intelligencia?
They were inspired by previous writers, and later inspired newer writers.
To collect taxes, what became important?
A census!
Where did Intelligencia come from?
France, Germany, and Italy.
What spawns bureaucracy?
The need for records as maps grow and boundaries are more clear.
What were the Intelligencia known for?
Criticizing governments, really.
What gives the limits needed to identify oneself?
Maps
Which was the first country to experience Intelligencia effects?
France.
To identify, what do you need?
LIMITS
What was tough for France?
They had to develop their ideas about nationalism, and be FIRST.
Why did maps advance so quickyl?
There was quite a lot of money involved in exploration.
What are some difficulties for the Intelligencia?
They had to turn vague thoughts of nationalism into action.
As cartography improves, so does what?
The quality of the maps.
Why did members of the Intelligencia need to turn thoughts of Nationalism into action?
Their ideas only work as long as people PARTICIPATE.
What happened after Intelligencia documents started in France?
The ideas rippled out across Europe to other places with revolution.
What kind of maps did early explorers have?
Bad maps.
Why was the Revolution coming in France?
People felt opressed and marginalized.
People had no power.
What are special relationships?
Understanding the physical space you ansd your village appear at.
What does a community that is sovereign and limited result in?
People who are excluded.
Who wrote the "Considerations on the Government Poland", and when?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in 1772.
Who was the first Intellegiencia writer?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
What are Spacial Relationships?
Where people sit, either phjysically or culturally.
motor aphasia
good comprehension
brocas lesion
supplied by MCA
Global exploration and print are ___.
Very intertwined.
What are the 2 main factors for nationalization?
Print and Nation Building
How do Print and Capitalism help people to understand their community?
They see how they, as a group, are defined.
What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe Poland needed?
A NATION STATE.
What does Nationalism do for people?
Reflect them.
What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe about Nations?
Stability comes through the nation, the people. Not the government. He says a government needs to reflect what it means to be a member of that group.
Who said "Even Bad Legislation Produces Good Citizens?"
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
What happenes to symbols involved with national myths?
They are overly sacralized.
What comes with a government that reflects the people?
The people are now RESPONSIBLE for their government.
What strove america to the space race?
American Myths about exceptionalism.
Who was the second Intelligencia writer?
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes.
What one of the American Myths?
American Exceptionalism- the idea that our nation and origins make use unique.
Who was Emmanuel Jospeph Sieves inspired by?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
What was the Earliest incident of National idealized history?
The idea that during the French Revolution, all classes and people were fighting in the streets.
Name the 5 Intelligencia Members.
Rousseau
Sieyes
Fichte
Hegel
Renan
What is Official Memory?
How a group officially chooses to remember certain events.
Why did Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes write "What is the Third Estate?"?
He was inspired by Rousseau's work, "Considerations on the Government Poland"
What happened to people who didn't believe the idealized histories?
A lot of people were excluded or hated.
Who wrote "What is the Third Estate?"?
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes.
Why do we call idealized histories "myths"?
They are often not close to reality.
What was "The Third Estate"?
The people/EVERYTHING.
These idealized histories were often ___.
imaginary.
What were the three estates in France?
Clergy

Nobility

EVERYONE ELSE.
What kind of idealized history did governments create?
History reflecting the goals those goverments have.
What country was "What is the Third Estate?" written about?
France.
What was done in the romantic period to get period to be nationalistic in a certain way?
The use of idealized histories.
Idealized history was to act as what?
The OFFICIAL RECORD of the nation.
When is "What is the Third Estate?" written?
1789.
How could governments utilize idealized versions of the past?
There had to be a PUBLIC consensus to that history.
Why is the "3rd Estate" so important, according to Sieyes?
They make society possible, produce everything, and allow society to function.
What did Sieyes say about the first two estates?
They were parasites.
What did people of the romantic period do to the past?
They created idealized versions of the past.
What were Sieyes and Rousseau pushing for?
-All people of a nation that are exluded, should bond together, and that while it may be violent, it will be for everyone's good.
Why was history important to romantic period members?
People wanted to romanticize the past.
What might a critic of some of the Intelligencia say?
They were idealistic.
What were governments in the Romantic Period focusing on?
Their history, returning to the "good old times".
What happens to the messages of the Intelligencia while it spreads to new countries?
It changes, for both the better and for the worst.
Who wrote "What is a Nation?", when, and where?
Renan
1882
France
What did both Rousseu and Sieyes consider important?
Shared History
Community
Liberal Political Activism
What did "What is a Nation?" add?
REFERENDUMS.
After France, which country was affected by Intelligencia?
Germany.
What did "What is a Nation?" say?
Community
Shared History
and Liberal Political Activism

were vital.
What defined German skepticism towards Intelligencia?
They wanted a strong dedication to science and objective evidence, NOT community or shared history.
What did Renan write?
"What is a Nation?"
What did Germany look for within its own idea of Nationalism?
Race
Ethnicity
Languages.
Who was the 5th Intelligencia?
Ernest Renan
Who was the third Intelligencia?
Johann Gotllieb Fichte.
What did Mazini believe?
1. Hegel was wrong.
2. Exclusionary Nationalism was wrong, you needed COMMUNITY.
3. That France was originally right.
4. The HIGHEST DUTY is to work on your nation. If you do, you should represent your people.
When did Mazini write "Duties of Man"? and where?
1860. Italy.
What did Mazini write?
"Duties of Man"
hyperorality
hypersexuality
disinhibited behavior
kluver-bucy syndrome
amygdala- bilateral lesion (ablation of anterior temporal lobes)
What was the reaction to Hegel's ideas?
Horror by France and Italy.
What did Hegel think of Germans?
They were powerful, and INHERENTLY MORALLY SUPERIOR.
What did Hegel believe?
That there were 4 major races that were the strongest in the world, and Germany was one of them.
Who inspired Hegel?
Fichte.
When did "The Philosophy of World History?" get written and where?
1837, Germany.
Who wrote "The Philosophy of World History?"
Hegel.
Who expanded on Fichte's ideas?
Hegel.
What was one of the mentalities about the Romantic Period?
Returning to older morals and values.
What did Fichte say about the German Language?
It was very durable, and so Germans must be as well.
Who was Fichte's biggest target?
The Jews.
What did Fichte want to do?
Define being German, with scientific methods.
How did Fichte go about detailing Nationalism?
Picking who is German, and WHO ISN'T. Who is harmful, and getting them out of the country.
What kind of Nationalism did Fichte Support?
"Exclusionary Nationalism", very dangerous.
When was "Addresses to the German Nation?" written?
1808.
Who wrote "Addresses to the German Nation?"
Fichte.