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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psycholinguistics
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Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, and understand language
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Scientific - all children
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All children acquire language in basically the same way
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Special Needs Children
Autistic, Mentally challenged and hearing impaired |
Because of their disabilities, they have difficulty acquiring language in the typical way.
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When does crying start?
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Birth to 3 weeks
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When does cooing start?
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3 weeks to 4 months
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When does babbling start?
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4-6 months to 1 year
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Marcus at University of Washington
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something about stages or instincts
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Marasmas - Anna
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Marasmus is a form of severe protein-energy malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency.
A child with marasmus looks emaciated(really really thin where you can see their bones instead of some fat). Body weight may be reduced to less than 80% of the average weight. Occurs in kids less than 1 year old. |
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Isabelle
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some case study on Stages and instincts
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Genie (Critical Period)
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Period of time when a child is ready to learn a particular behavior. If it doesn't happen during the critical period, the child will have great difficulty ever learning it again.
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Pseudocries
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6 months old
the pitch and tone of "baba" and cooing and crying |
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Echolalia
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the automatic repetition of vocalizations made by another person. so baby hears it and repeats what the person is saying
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When does the first word happen?
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12 months
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When does the first 2-word sentence happen?
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18 months
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When does the baby have a 50 word vocabulary?
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24 months or 2 years old
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When does the baby have a 1000 word vocabulary?
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36 months or 3 years old
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Stuttering
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a speech disorder that involves involuntary hesitation, repetition ("ca-ca-ca-can"), or prolongations ("llllllike") while speaking.
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Personality Development
prenatal |
prenatal means before the baby is born.
mom's health eg nutrition or stress or drinking alcohol or doing drugs can really effect the baby's development |
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Infancy Personality Development
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Infancy is usually less than one year old. The baby needs to be held, fed the right food and attended to when it cries; if not the baby will start to have problems eg cry, throw up, be unhappy
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Childhood Personality Development
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The young child needs to have lots of attention and get their needs met. If parents do this, then the child will like other people, and not be stressed or anxious.
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Adolescence Personality Development
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The teenager needs to have direction from parents, good friends and feel good about himself (good self confidence) then he will not be stressed out; and will be happy
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Adulthood Personality Development
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adults need love/friends/family and work to be emotionally healthy.
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What are Freud's 5 Psychosexual Stages? (oaplg)
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Oral (birth to 1 yr) everything is about the mouth; sucking.
Anal (1-3 years old) about the anus (butt) so learning control and potty training Phallic - Oedipal (3-5 yr old) start learning about sex; really like the opposite sexed paren so boys love their moms more and girls love their dads more Latency (5-12) homosocial (homo means same) so at this stage the child wants to only play with friends/parent that are their sex eg boys only want to play with boys/and their dad and girls only want to play with girls/and their mom; Genital - (12-18 years old) become sexual and want to experience sexual things such as masturbating; romantic sexual realtionships, etc. |
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Freud - What is libido?
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sexual pleasure or self-preservation; getting turned on to life; life force; want to do things in a passionate way.
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Freud - Fixation
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arrested (stopped) development: an abnormal state in which development has stopped prematurely. Often happens when someone does drugs then they don't develop their personality after that
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Unconscious, repressed childhood events
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The person doesn't remember those events because they did not go well; really happens when children are abused so they just don't remember it so they don't have to feel bad.
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Freud's 3 Personality Segments
(i,e,s) |
Id - the kid part of us that is impulsive and aggressive
Ego-the grownup part of us that is healthy and reasonable and rational (good thinker, good decision maker) Superego- the parent part of us that tells us what the rules are that we should follow. It can be kind if our parents were kind or it can be mean if our parents were mean. |
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What are the 6 defense mechanisms? (d,r,r,rf,d,r)
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Denial - pretend it didn't happen so you don't have to deal with it
Repression - acts to keep information out of conscious awareness. However, these memories don't just disappear; they continue to influence our behavior. For example, a person who has repressed memories of abuse suffered as a child may later have difficulty forming relationships. Regression - become a kid again; take a big step back to a comfortable spot Reaction Formation-opposite in order to feel better; reduces anxiety by taking up the opposite feeling, impulse or behavior. An example of reaction formation would be treating someone you strongly dislike in an excessively friendly manner in order to hide your true feelings Displacement-placing your anger on something non-threatening;whereby the mind redirects affects from an object felt to be dangerous or unacceptable to an object felt to be safe or acceptable.For instance, some people punch cushions when they are angry at friends; a college student may snap at his roommate when upset a |
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What is a Defense Mechanism?
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Ways of distorting reality to make ourselves feel better;
tactic or strategy or plan developed by the ego to protect against anxiety |
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What are the 8 stages (& ages) of Erikson's Psychosocial development?(t,a,i,i,i,i,g,i)
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Trust v. mistrust- 0-1yr
Autonomy v. doubt 1-3 yrs old Initiative v. guilt 3-5 yrs old Industry v. inferiority 5-10 yrs old identity v. identity confusion 10-18 yrs old Intimacy v. isolation (early adulthood)20-30yrs old Generativity v. Stagnation (mid life) 40-50 yrs old Integrity v. dispair, old age (60-70) |
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Piaget's Cognitive Development:
Assimilation and Accommodation |
Assimilation refers to the process by which new objects, events, experiences, or information are incorporated into existing schemas. It is Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development which refers to a process of adaptation to interactions with the environment through which individuals add new experiences to their base of knowledge.
refers to part of the adaptation process. The process of accommodation involves altering one’s existing schemas, or ideas, as a result of new information or new experiences For example, a young child may have an existing schema for dogs. Dogs have four legs, so the child may automatically believe that all animals with four legs are dogs. When the child learns that cats also have four legs, she will undergo a process of accommodation in which her existing schema for dogs will change and she will also develop a new schema for cats. |
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Piaget's 4 ages of Cognitive Development: (s, p, c, f)
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Stages:
Sensorimotor: birth - 2yrs; object recognition, control, premanency Preoperational- 2-7yrs; symbolic, animism, egocentrism conservation (means what appears to be different, can really be the same Concrete-7-12 yrs Formal-adolescence (12 yrs. and up) Abstract-means taking what is present now and apply all that to the future. |
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Kohlberg -6 stages of Moral Development
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Punishment: least sophisticated; get spanked if you do something wrong
Reward-3-5 yrs;that beg their parents for a specific want just so they listen; Good boy/Bad boy: Authority Orientation-means what society expects from you Individual Principles-means that it only benefits you, talking in terms of the present Universal Principles-means a passion that you indepthly love and know what you are dong so that you can offer/share with the world. |
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Humanistic |
everyone has this individual maximum potential.
Hierarchy of Needs - 5 needs: physical safety, love, self esteem; self actualization |
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Gould
Transformations |
Dialectical Pull:
15-18 escape parent control 18-22 independence 22-28 Marriage - Occupation 28-36 give up unhealthy roles 36-45 urgency to attain goals 45-55 accept one's life 55- ? Mellowing |
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Ross on Death and Dying
What are the 6 stages? |
Denial
anger bargaining depression or mourning acceptance hope and healing |
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
PTSD |
PTSD;
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Social Psychology
Definition |
It's that the group power that it has upon the individual
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Attribution Theory
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What do we attribute to the behavior of ourself and others
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Social Psychology CONT
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Self, external, situational
Others, internal and disposiotnal |
