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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an argument? |
A set of statements, one of which appears to be implied or supported by the others. |
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What are the two types of statements in an argument?
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1. Premise |
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Conclusion of an argument |
The point or terminus of the argument, the statement that appears to be implied or supported by the others. |
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Premise of an argument |
Those statements that support or imply the conclusion. |
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Tell me about premises and conclusions. |
The conclusion of an argument is the statement which appears to be implied by the other statements in the argument, which are called the premises. |
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How many conclusions does an argument contain?
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An argument contains only one conclusion, which usually starts with therefore, thus, so , or in conclusion. |
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How many premises does an argument contain? |
An argument may contain more than one premise. Premises usually start with because, since, for, or given that. |
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Tell me about a good argument.
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The conclusion is supported or implied by the premises. |
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What is a syllogism? |
It is a deductive argument with 1 conclusion, 2 premises, and 3 terms. It is a particular form for organizing categorical statements into an argument. |
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What is a categorical syllogism? |
A categorical syllogism consists of three statements in categorical form that together use only three terms. |
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What are the three terms of a categorical syllogism? |
1. major 2. minor 3. middle |
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What is the major term?
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The predicate of the conclusion and is used in one premise. |
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What is the minor term?
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The subject of the conclusion and is used in the other premise. |
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What is the middle term? |
Is found once in both premises but not in the conclusion at all. Is called middle because it connects the premises together. |
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What does the major premise of a syllogism contain? |
Contains the major term. Traditionally the 1st premise in an argument. |
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Is there a middle premise?
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There is no middle premise, only a middle term.
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What does the minor premise of a syllogism contain? |
The minor term. |
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When a syllogism in not in the traditional order, what is the procedure for putting it into standard form? |
1. Find the conclusion |
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Tell me about the schema of a syllogism. |
It is arranged in standard order, with the standard abbreviations for the terms. |
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Tell me about the mood of a syllogism. |
A 3-letter description of the types of categorical statements it contains when arranged in standard order. |
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What is the figure of a syllogism? |
A number from 1 to 4 identifying the placement of its middle term. |
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To schematize a syllogism is to... |
Set out its schema. |
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Tell me about the form of a syllogism. |
The mood and figure of the syllogism are listed together. ex...EIO-1 |
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When is a syllogism valid? |
If and only if the premises imply the conclusion. If the premises are true, and the syllogism is valid, then the conclusion has to be true. |
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What does validity of a syllogism depend on? |
The form of the argument, not on the meaning or truth of the individual statements. |
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What is a sound syllogism? |
It is valid and has true premises. |
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When is a syllogism invalid? |
If it has true premises and a false conclusion. It may be invalid and have a true conclusion. |
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What is the difference between truth and validity? |
Statements are true and false. Arguments are valid or invalid. |
