Introductory Bio

Front 1

Scientific Method Steps 1-4

Back 1

1. Observation of phenomenon

2. Hypothesis

3. Test

4. Conclusion

Hint 1

Moths' Wings Example

Front 2

4 Aspects of Science

Back 2

1. Repeatable (recorded in detail)

2. Verifiable (by peers)

3. Dynamic (open to change)

4. Objective (facts, not opinions)

Hint 2

R

V

D

O

Front 3

Limitations of Science

Back 3

1. Sometimes can't be tested

2. Equipment is not good enough

3. People aren't ready to accept hypothesis

Hint 3

3 limitations

Front 4

Define: Theory

Back 4

Explains a broad range of phenomena - How?

Hint 4

Not a "hunch"

Front 5

Define: Law

Back 5

Statement based on repeated experimental observations that describe some aspects of the universe

Hint 5

Law of gravity

Front 6

Define: Chemistry

Back 6

Deals with composition and property of matter

Hint 6

You should know this.

Front 7

Define: Matter

Back 7

Occupies space and has mass

Hint 7

You get no hint.

Front 8

4 States of Matter

Back 8

1. Solid

2. Liquid

3. Gas

4. Plasma

Hint 8

S

L

G

P

Front 9

Elements: Oxygen

Back 9

Number one body by mass

Hint 9

Number one _____ by _____

Front 10

Elements: Carbon

Back 10

Number one atom in organisms

Hint 10

Number one _____ in _________

Front 11

Elements: Hydrogen

Back 11

Number one in universe

Hint 11

Number one in _________

Front 12

Define: Atom

Back 12

Smallest unit of matter that maintains the properties of that element (uncuttable)

Front 13

3 Components of a Proton

Back 13

Charge: +1

Mass: 1

Where: nucleus

Front 14

3 Components of a Neutron

Back 14

Charge: 0

Mass: 1

Where: nucleus

Front 15

3 Components of an Electron

Back 15

Charge: -1

Mass: 0

Where: energy level

Front 16

Rutherford

Back 16

Gold foil experiment

Hint 16

Bounced back in experiment

Front 17

Bohr

Back 17

Specific energy level

Hint 17

Model of atom

Front 18

Define: Isotope

Back 18

Element that has same number of protons and different number of nutrons

Hint 18

Defines the element

Front 19

Radio Isotopes

Back 19

Radioactive

Front 20

Arrow 1,2,3

Back 20

1. Protons and Nutrons

2. Electrons

3. Can have up to 8

Front 21

Purpose of bonds?

Back 21

Become more stable

Hint 21

8e in outer shell

Front 22

Periodic Table: Mendeleev

Back 22

Arranged by Atomic Mass

Front 23

Periodic Table: Mosely

Back 23

Arranged by Atomic Number

Front 24

How do you figure out the atomic mass of an elememt?

Back 24

Am=p+n

Hint 24

Equation

Front 25

Ionic bonds

Back 25

Share, gain or give up electrons

Front 26

Define: ions

Back 26

Charged particles/atoms

-different number of electrons and protons

Front 27

Positive

Back 27

Cation

Front 28

Negative

Back 28

Anion

Front 29

Octet Rule

Back 29

8 valence e in outer shell

Front 30

Covalent Bond

Back 30

Sharing of electrons

Front 31

Nonpolar

Back 31

Share equally

Hint 31

Covalent bond

Front 32

Polar

Back 32

Share unequally

Hint 32

Covalent bond

Front 33

Solid line -

Back 33

Covalent bond

Hint 33

2,4,6,8 hydrogen is feeling great!

Front 34

Dotted line :

Back 34

H-bond

Front 35

Ph

Back 35

Power of Hydrogen

Front 36

Acid Number

Back 36

0

Hint 36

Scale

Front 37

Acid Number

Back 37

0

Hint 37

Scale

Front 38

Neutral Number

Back 38

7

Hint 38

Scale

Front 39

Base Number

Back 39

14

Hint 39

Scale

Front 40

Acid is a H+ ________

Back 40

Donor

Hint 40

HCl - H+ Cl-

Front 41

Base is an H+ __________

Back 41

Acceptor

Hint 41

OH- + H+ -- H2O

Front 42

Define: Buffer

Back 42

Resists a change in ph

Hint 42

Homeostasis

Front 43

Bond?

Back 43

Single bond

Front 44

Bond?

Back 44

Double bond

Front 45

Bond?

Back 45

Triple bond

Front 46

Bond?

Back 46

Hydrocarbon backbond

Hint 46

6 C

Front 47

Functional Groups

Back 47

1. Hydroxyl

2. Amine

3. Carboxylic

4. Ketone/Aldehyde

5. Phosphate

Hint 47

H (alcohol)

A

(Amino acid, need both)

C

K/A (sugar)

P (DNA)

Front 48

Carbohydrates

Back 48

Sugars

Front 49

Lipids

Back 49

Fats, oils

Front 50

Proteins (what they are made of)

Back 50

Enzyme, antibodies

Front 51

Nucleic acid

Back 51

DNA

Front 52

Monosacchoride

Back 52

Simple sugars

Hint 52

5/6 carbon sugars

Ex: glucose, fructose

Front 53

Disaccharide

Back 53

2 sugar units

Hint 53

Lactose and sucrose ex

Front 54

Maltose

Back 54

2 glucose molecules

Hint 54

Germinating seeds

Front 55

Polysaccharides

Back 55

Complex carbohydrates

Hint 55

Many

Front 56

Back 56

1. Energy storage

2. Cell walls/structure

3. Energy storage

4. Cell walls/structure/exoskeleton

Front 57

Lipids function

Back 57

1. Energy storage (fat)

2. Membrane structure of cells

3. Coatings (wax of plant leaves)

4. Hormones

Hint 57

4 functions

Front 58

Saturated fatty acid

Back 58

Single bonds

Saturated w/ H

Solid at room temp

Front 59

Unsaturated fatty acid

Back 59

Double bond

Liquid at room temp

Front 60

Transfat

Back 60

Higher melting point

Tightly packed

Hint 60

Long chelf life

Front 61

Structure of lipids

Back 61

1.Tryglycericle

2.phospholipids

3.sterals

4.waxes

Hint 61

T

P

S

W

Front 62

Tryglycericle?

Back 62

1 glycerol & 3 fatty acids

Hint 62

Glycerol & fatty acids?

Front 63

Back 63

Polar head

Nonpolar tails

Front 64

Sterals

Back 64

Ring structure

Ex. Cholesterol

Front 65

Waxes

Back 65

Long chain of fatty acids and alcohols

Hint 65

Coating on plants

Front 66

Proteins

Back 66

Enzymes, hormones & bodies, structure, transport

Hint 66

Shape determines function

Front 67

Destroy proteins by..

Back 67

Heat

Acid

Front 68

1° structure

Back 68

Straight shape (primary)

Peptide band

Front 69

2° structure

Back 69

Coil shape (helix)

B sheet (silk)

Front 70

3° structure

Back 70

Folding on itself

(Tertiary) disulfide bonds

Front 71

4° structure

Back 71

2 or more polypeptides together

Quaternary

Hemoglobin (4 total)

Front 72

Janssens 1590

Back 72

2 lenses together

Front 73

Galileo 1600

Back 73

Improvements in microscope and telescope

Front 74

Robert Hooke

Back 74

Cork, cellulae

Front 75

Antony van leewenhoek

Back 75

Made fine lenses

Father of microscope

Front 76

Robert brown

Back 76

Viewed spot in cell - nucleus

Front 77

Schleiden

Back 77

All plants have cells

Front 78

Schwann

Back 78

All animals have cells

Front 79

Rudlof vir chow

Back 79

All cells come from previously existing cells

Front 80

Cell theory

Back 80

The cell is the smallest unit of life and they come from pre existing cells

Front 81

1930

Back 81

Electron microscope

Front 82

Back 82

Animal

Front 83

Ribosomesb

Back 83

Make proteins

Front 84

Animal cells have ______ and plants don't

Back 84

Centrioles

Different cell wall

Front 85

Plant cells have _____ and animals don't

Back 85

Large central vacuole

Different cell wall

Front 86

Tonicity

Back 86

General hypo or hyper

Front 87

Taxonomy

Back 87

Understanding relationships

3 domains - eubacteria, archaebacteria, own kingdom

Front 88

Order of classification

Back 88

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, variety, cultivar

Front 89

Same species variation

Back 89

Variety: nature

Cultivar: man made

Front 90

1st part of scientific names

Back 90

Genus

Noun

Capitalized

Front 91

2nd part of scientific name

Back 91

Specific epithet

Adjective

Lower case

Front 92

Kingdom eubacteria

Back 92

Divide rapidly

Hint 92

20 min

Front 93

Archaebacteria

Back 93

Old

Lack of oxygen

Front 94

Protista

Back 94

Eukaryotic (nucleus)

Unicellular or multicellular

Heterotrophic or auttrotrophic

Animal like: locomotion

Front 95

Fungi

Back 95

Eukaryotic

Multicellular

Heterotrophic (saprophytic-decomposer) (parasitic - disease)

Front 96

Plante

Back 96

Eukaryotic

Multicellular

Autotrophic

Front 97

Animalia

Back 97

Eukaryotic

Multicellular

Heterotrophic

Hint 97

Ex herbivore, omnivore, carnivore, sponge

Front 98

Net

Back 98

Majority of particles

Front 99

Diffusion

Back 99

Net movement of particles from area of high to low concentration

No energy required

Front 100

Dynamic equilibrium

Back 100

Moving equally

No gradient

No net movement

Front 101

Rate if diffusion

Back 101

Steepness of concentration gradient

Temp

Electric gradient (ion charges)

Pressure gradient (increase)

Size of molecules (smaller=faster)

Front 102

Dialysis

Back 102

Movement of solutes across a membrane

Front 103

Osmosis

Back 103

Movement of water across a membrane

Front 104

Hypotonic

Back 104

Low number of solutes

cell explodes

Net into cell

Front 105

Hypertonic

Back 105

High number if solutes

Cell wall shrink

Net into solution

Front 106

Isotonic

Back 106

Same number if solutes

Natural state

Net into both

Front 107

Plasma membrane

Back 107

Fluid mosaic model

Front 108

Back 108

Phospho lipids

Protein channel

Front 109

Bilayer

Back 109

2 layers

Front 110

Phosphate head

Back 110

Hydrophilic

Polar

Front 111

Fatty acid tail

Back 111

Hydrophotic

Non polar

Front 112

Membrane proteins

Back 112

1. Transport (channel protein)

2. Receptor (trigger activity)

3. Recognition (identify cell type)

4. Adhesion (connect cell to cell)

Hint 112

4 parts

Front 113

Simple diffusion

Back 113

High to low

No energy

Lipid soluble

Front 114

Facilitated diffusion

Back 114

High to low

Channel proteion, gradient

Sugars ameno acids ions

Front 115

Active transport

Back 115

Low to high

Against gradient

Energy, ATP, protein

Sugars ameno acids, ions

Front 116

Endocytosis

Back 116

Toward inside of cell

Vesicle formation

Macromolecules cellular material

Front 117

Exocytosis

Back 117

Toward outside of cell

Vesicle fuses with membrane

Macromolecules