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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does 'skeletos' come from and what does it mean?
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It comes from Greek and means 'dried'
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Living bones need to be resilient, specifically in what three ways?
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To withstand gravitational, shearing and tensile forces.
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What is the skeletal system made up of?
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Bones, joints and supportive connective tissue.
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How many bones are in the human body?
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206 bones
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What specific kinds of bones are NOT included when counting the bones in the human body? And what are they? Examples?
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Wormian and sesamoid.
Wormian are skull sutures and sesamoid are bones formed within a tendon such as the distal metatarsals. |
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What are bones made of and how are they structured?
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Calcium, phosphorus on collagen matrix. It has concentric circles with holes to hold blood vessels.
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Osseous means? Osteo means?
Chondro? Arthro? |
Osseous = Bone tissue
Osteo - Bone Chondro = Cartilage Arthro = Joints |
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Is the shaft of a bone hallow or solid?
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Hallow
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What is Wolff's Law?
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Bones grow according to the stress that is put upon them.
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What are the three major purpose areas for the skeletal system?
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Support, protection and movement
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Give two components of the support of the skeletal system.
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Framework for the body and spacers for fascia.
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Give examples of areas which are protected by the skeletal system.
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Spinal cord and brain and many internal organs in the trunk of teh body.
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The bones provide.... for movement.
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Levers
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What is the blood cell formation called in the bones and where does it occur?
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Hematopoesis. It occurs in the marrow.
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What are the classifications of bones? Please give an example of each.
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Long - femur
Short- carpal, tarsal Flat - rib Irregular - vertebrae |
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What is the diaphysis?
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The shaft of the bone - Medullary cavity which holds the yellow bone marrow.
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What is the end of a bone called?
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Epiphysis
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Where does most of the growth occur in a bone?
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In the epiphysis
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Where is the red bone marrow in long bones kept in adults?
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The Epiphysis
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Explain the epiphyseal disc and what it becomes for adults.
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It is a disc of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood to lengthen bones. It becomes the epiphyseal line in adults.
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Where are spongy bones?
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At the ends of long bones and at the middle of other bones.
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What is spongy bone? And what is another name for it?
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Cancellous bones. A mesh work of small bony plates filled with red bone marrow.
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What are the two portions of the skeleton?
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The axial and appendicular skeleton
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What are the two types of bone tissue?
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Compact bone and spongy bone.
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What are the three cells in bones?
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Osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts.
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What cells aid in resorption of bone and how are they developed?
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Osteoclasts. From the white blood cells.
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How are new osteoblasts developed?
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From the stem cells in the periosteum and endosteum.
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What are capping the ends of bones?The consistency is ......
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Hyaline cartilage. Dense and slippery.
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What are the two membranes in bones? Where are they?
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Periosteum and endosteum. Periosteum is covering bones on the outside and endosteum is covering the medullary cavity.
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What is compact bones? And where are they?
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They are hard and dense; located in the middle of long bones and outer layers of other bones.
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What are the three types of joints?
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Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial.
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A joint capsule is/has:
a) continuation of periosteum b) fibrous outer layer of the capsule c) Synovial membrane - inner layer of capsule d) none of the above e) all of the above |
e
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The synovial joint has ....fluid, a .... cavity and ......
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Synovial fluid, joint cavity and bursas.
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Name all 7 types of synovial joints with examples.
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Gliding - between carpals
Hinge - elbow Pivot - atlantoaxial Condyloid - metacarpals./phalanges Saddle - thumb Ball and socket - hip |
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What are all the movements for synovial joints? 9 with opposites
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Flexsion/Extension
ADduction/ABduction Circumduction Inversion/Eversion Medial/Lateral Rotation Supination/Pronation Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion Elevation/Depression Radial deviation/ulnar deviation |
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Another name for arthritis of the spine? What is the definition?
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
Inherited progressive inflammation of the spine. |
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Massage indications for Ankylosing Spondylitis?
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Work carefully around inflammation. While subacute collaborate with health care team.
Has stress induced flareups which could be reduced by massage. |
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What is another name for degenerative joint disease?
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Osteoarthritis
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What is a nutritional supplement which may be effective for mild to moderate osteoarthritis?
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glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate
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What is a particular target area for osteoarthritis? How can you recognize it?
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The fingers - the epiphysis widens
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Massage for osteoarthritis?
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Can be helpful to reduce pain and ease muscle tension.
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What is the disease called that has autoimmune system attack of synovial membranes?
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Massage for rheumatoid arthritis?
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Avoid circulatory massage while acute.
Work to reduce pain, tension and increase ROM between flare-ups. |
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What is a bone spur? Common areas?
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A bony growth arising from the surface of a bone, sometimes involving ossification of muscular attachments.
Heel, elbow. |
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What is the disease called where synovial sacs outside of joint capsules become inflammed?
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Bursitis
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What is a distinctive sign of bursitis?
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Pain on active and passive movements
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Massage impact on bursitis?
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Locally contraindicated while acute.
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Massage impact on fractures?
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Locally contraindicated while acute.
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What is a collection of problems called of nucleus pulposus or annulus fibrosis?
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Disc disease.
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Massage for disc disease?
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Avoid while in acute pain. Work to create spaces in the spine. Add bolsters. Collaborate with other members of health care team.
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Lyme Disease for Massage?
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Contraindicated while joints in acute inflammation.
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Porous bones with calcium removed faster than replaced is called?
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Osteoporosis
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Massage indications for osteoporosis?
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Can offer important pain relief. Adjust for fragility.
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Name three overdeveloped spinal curve diseases.
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Hyperkyphosis. hyperlordosis and scolioosis.
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Massage for spinal deviations?
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Offer pain relief and can be effective for functional problems.
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Define a sprain
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Injured ligaments, which tend to swell. They are more serious than strains and tendinosis
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What does RICE stand for?
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Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation
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What does PRICEMMM stand for?
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Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Medicine, Mobility and Modalities
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Massage for sprains?
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Massage is indicated when not subacute, to improve circulation, scar tissue formation and ROM
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What is TMD?
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Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
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What is bruxism?
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Grinding of teeth
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Massage for TMD?
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Can be used to interrupt the process before permanent damage occurs, reduce muscle tension, improve awareness
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