Introduction To The Nervous System

Front 1

CNS stands for? Components?

Back 1

central nervous system; brain and spinal cord

Front 2

Peripheral nervous system components?

Back 2

cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia, plexuses, peripheral nerves

Front 3

Peripheral nervous system has two parts: ?

Back 3

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Front 4

The somatic afferent system is responsible for ____ from the ___ to the ___?

Back 4

sensory input from body to CNS

Front 5

The somatic efferent system is responsible for ____ to the ___?

Back 5

motor output to skeletal (voluntary ) muscles of body

Front 6

The visceral afferent system is responsible for ____ from the ___ to the ___?

Back 6

sensory input from organs and internal receptors to CNS

Front 7

The visceral efferent system is responsible for ____ to the ___?

Back 7

motor output (involuntary) to organs and glands of body

Front 8

The two parts of the autonomic nervous system are

Back 8

-sympathetic nervous system
-parasympathetic nervous system

Front 9

The three functional types of neurons are?

Back 9

-afferent (sensory)
-efferent (motor)
-interneuron

Front 10

Afferent neurons carry information from ____ to ____

Back 10

periphery (body) to CNS

Front 11

The three types of information that afferent neurons carry are?

Back 11

-somatic afferent information
-special somatic afferent information
-visceral afferent information

Front 12

Examples of somatic afferent information:

Back 12

pain, temperature, pressure, touch or vibration from body surface; muscle or tendon stretch from joints/muscles of body

Front 13

Examples of special afferent information:

Back 13

from special sense organs of head (vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste, smell)

Front 14

Examples of visceral afferent information

Back 14

pain, pressure, stretch from internal organs; chemical pressure responses from internal receptors

Front 15

Efferent neurons ____ from ___ to ___

Back 15

output control from CNS to body

Front 16

Efferent neurons carry two types of information ?

Back 16

-somatic efferent information
-visceral efferent information

Front 17

What is somatic efferent information?

Back 17

motor control of voluntary muscles

Front 18

What is visceral efferent information?

Back 18

motor to organs, glands (autonomic nervous system)

Front 19

Where are interneurons located?

Back 19

entirely within CNS

Front 20

What do interneurons connect?

Back 20

afferent inputs to efferent output

Front 21

What do interneurons do?

Back 21

integrate sensory inputs, store information, determine responses

Front 22

The central portion of the spinal cord consists of gray matter that contains what?

Back 22

neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses

Front 23

Gray matter in the spinal cord is the site of what?

Back 23

neuronal integration and computation

Front 24

What are the three horns that the gray matter is divided into in the spinal cord?

Back 24

-dorsal horn
-ventral horn
-lateral horn

Front 25

The dorsal horn is responsible for what?

Back 25

receiving axons from afferent neurons

Front 26

The ventral horn is the location of what?

Back 26

efferent neuron cell bodies

Front 27

The lateral horn is the location of what and is found where?

Back 27

-autonomic preganglionic neuron cell bodies
-only in T1-L2 and S2-S4 spinal cord regions

Front 28

The peripheral portion of the spinal cord consists of what?

Back 28

white matter

Front 29

White matter contains what and interconnects what?

Back 29

-myelinated neuron axons
-gray matter regions

Front 30

Where are the axons of white matter?

Back 30

running up and down spinal cord

Front 31

How are the axons of white matter organized?

Back 31

into tracts - bundles of functionally related axons

Front 32

The descending tracts of whit matter carry what?

Back 32

motor information down from brain to spinal motor neurons

Front 33

The ascending tracts of white matter carry what?

Back 33

sensory information up from body to brain

Front 34

The ventral root of the spinal cord is for ?

Back 34

exit of motor (efferent) neuron axons from spinal cord

Front 35

The dorsal root of the spinal cord is for ?

Back 35

entry of sensory (afferent) neuron axons into spinal cord

Front 36

Dorsal root ganglion is the location of what?

Back 36

sensory neuron cell bodies

Front 37

What is a ganglion?

Back 37

collection of neuron cell bodies located outside of CNS

Front 38

The spinal nerve is formed by what?

Back 38

junction of dorsal and ventral roots

Front 39

The spinal nerve contains ?

Back 39

both motor and sensory fibers (axons)

Front 40

Where does the spinal nerve exit the vertebral column?

Back 40

through intervertebral foramen (between adjacent vertebrae)

Front 41

___ pairs of cervical nerves

Back 41

8 (C1-C8)

Front 42

___ pairs of thoracic nerves

Back 42

12 (T1-T12)

Front 43

___ pairs of lumbar nerves

Back 43

5 (L1-L5)

Front 44

___ pairs of sacral nerves

Back 44

5 (S1-S5)

Front 45

___ pairs of coccygeal nerves

Back 45

1 (Co1)

Front 46

What is dermatome?

Back 46

area of skin innervated by single spinal cord level (by single pair of spinal nerves)

Front 47

What is a dermatome map?

Back 47

shows skin areas innervated by each spinal cord level

Front 48

Several spinal nerves join together within a ___ to innervate limbs

Back 48

plexus

Front 49

When the nerves from different spinal levels leave the plexus, they are a named ___?

Back 49

peripheral nerve

Front 50

What is a nerve?

Back 50

a bundle of parallel axons (nerve fibers) held together by connective tissue