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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which theoretical approach is concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to function in its environment?
Humanistic Functionalist Behaviorist Existentialist Structuralist |
Functionalist
Functionalists focus on the value that behaviors and other psychological characteristics have for an organism's adaptation to its environment. Structuralists focus on what those behaviors and characteristics are, and on finding their basic components. |
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Which school of psychology argues that only behaviors that can be observed directly should be studied?
Humanism Psychoanalysis Structuralism Functionalism Behaviorism |
Behaviorism
Behaviorists argue that it isn't necessary to know about internal mental processes to understand and predict behavior; humanists focus on studying characteristics of the self and their organization; psychoanalysts emphasize internal sources of tension and conflict; structuralists use introspection to study internal mental processes; and functionalists aren't directly concerned with the importance of internal vs. external factors in behavior, but nevertheless were interested in studying the mind. |
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Which approach to psychology focuses on thought processes?
Biological Behavioral Cognitive Humanistic Psychodynamic |
Cognitive
The cognitive approach is about how people think; the biological approach is about how chemistry and physiology influence behavior; humanists and psychoanalysts are interested in what people think about, but not in how thinking happens. |
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Subjects know that their behavior is being observed in the typical settings for all of the following research methods EXCEPT
Case study Naturalistic observation Survey Correlational Experimental |
Naturalistic observation
In each of the other research methods, subjects know that their behavior is being observed. |
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Which research method involves studying the behavior of individuals one at a time and in depth?
Case study Naturalistic observation Survey Correlational Experimental |
Case Study
Naturalistic observation precludes asking questions, so only overt behavior can be studied. Surveys, correlational studies, and experiments necessarily involve many subjects. |
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In order to study the effects of music on memory, a researcher has one group of subjects listen to music while studying a list of words and another group study the same list without listening to music. In this experiment, the number or words each subject can remember would be
the independent variable a placebo manipulated by the experimenter the dependent variable a confounding variable |
The Dependent Variable
Experiments test cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating an independent variable (the presumed cause; in this case the presence or absence of music) and measuring the effect on the dependent variable. |
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A set of principles that organizes and explains known facts, as well as predicting new ones, is called a(n)
hypothesis experiment theory assumption operational definition |
Theory
Hypotheses (testable predictions) are often derived from the principles of a theory, but don't in themselves organize or explain; experiments test theories; theories may make assumptions, but those assumptions aren't themselves principles; and operational definitions simply define the method used to measure a variable. |
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Random samples are ones in which
subjects all share the same characteristics the number of subjects is determined by chance subjects don't differ on the dependent variable everyone in the population had an equal chance of being included subjects volunteered to participate |
everyone in the population had an equal chance of being included
People selected at random are expected to differ, the important thing is that they differ only by chance. Volunteers select themselves, and so aren't randomly chosen. An experimenter can determine how many people to select at random. |
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The parasympathetic nervous system would have which of the following effects?
Raising blood sugar Producing perspiration Inhibiting digestion Slowing heart rate Dilating the pupils of the eye |
Slowing heart rate
The parasympathetic nervous system tends to reduce signs of arousal associated with the "fight or flight" response produced by the sympathetic nervous system. |
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In which lobe of the brain is the visual cortex found?
Temporal Occipital Parietal Frontal Association areas |
Occipital
The temporal lobes are involved in hearing, the parietal lobes in the sense of touch, and the frontal lobes in organizing behavior and predicting its consequences. Association areas are located in each lobe and don't appear to play specific functions. |
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Which of the following is often called the master gland?
Thyroid Adrenal Pancreas Ovaries/Testes Pituitary |
Pituitary
Secretions from the pituitary gland influence the release of hormones from other glands in the endocrine system. |
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The resting potential for a neuron is
0 mV 40 mV 70 mV - 40 mV -70 mV |
-70 mV
This refers to the electrical charge inside the neuron, relative to the charge outside; the charge is positive outside and negative inside. When part of a neuron fires, that part is "depolarized." |
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A neuron can receive signals through its
soma Axon Terminal buttons nucleus dendrites |
Dendrites
Dendrites receive signals from other cells. |
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Which section of the brain translates thoughts into speech?
Wernicke's area Occipital lobe Corpus callosum Broca's area Parietal lobe |
Broca's area
Broca's area is responsible for directing the muscle movements involved in speaking. Wernicke's area, another brain structure involved in speech, is the part of the brain where acoustical codes including spoken words are decoded and interpreted. |
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Neurons are held together and provided with nutrients by
neurotransmitters hormones glia cells serotonin dopamine |
glia cells
Glia cells act as a sort of "neuronal glue," holding neurons together. They also provide myelin sheathing and nutrients, and clean up excess ions and neurotransmitters. Serotonin and dopamine are neurotransmitters that help neurons communicate with one another. Hormones affect body tissues. |
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What is the most common inhibitor in the brain, and may have something to do with eating and sleeping disorders?
Acetylcholine GABA Dopamine Norepinephrine Serotonin |
GABA
Acetylcholine contributes to learning and memory; dopamine influences emotions, memory, and movement; norepinephrine helps regulate arousal; and serotonin helps to regulate mood. |
