Introduction To Occupational Therapy Midterm History Part I

Front 1

Name one of the founders of Occupational Therapy who was a physician that adapted the Arts and Crafts movement to patients in order to help them become healthier and more financially independent. In 1904, this person created an institution for patients suffering from neurasthemia in Marblehead, Massachusetts which emphasized the "work cure" approach of gradually increasing participation in arts and crafts. This person did not attend the founding meeting but did serve as President of the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy from 1920-1923.

Back 1

Who was Herbert Hall?

Front 2

This OT founder was a great architect who went to London to study and then came back to Boston to find the Boston Society of Arts and Crafts. After experiencing a lot of personal disabilities (i.e. foot amputations, tuberculosis, and left side hemiparalysis) this person opened up the Consolation House for convalescent patients in 1914 in New York.

Back 2

Who is George Edward Barton?

Front 3

This person is considered the "father" of Occupational Therapy...he was a psychiatrist who implemented the Moral Treatment program in the Sheppard Asylum where he worked in Maryland. He published Occupational Therapy: A Manual for Nurses which described simple tasks that nurses can do with their patients. He served as Treasurer and President for the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy and edited its journal for 21 years.

Back 3

Who is Dr. William Rush Dunton, Jr.?

Front 4

This lady is considered the "mother of Occupational Therapy" and she originally was a social worker but went to training courses in curative occupations at Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy which was associated with the Hull House and Jane Adams. She developed the practice of habit training and lectured at Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy to those who were chronically unemployed. She also developed the first OT professional program known as the Henry R. Favill School of Occupations. Her home was the first unofficial meeting place of the NSPOT and she held each office within the organization. AOTa created an an award given to one OT each year who makes exceptional contributions to the profession in this person's name.

Back 4

Who is Eleanor Clarke Slagle?

Front 5

This person was a nursing instructor and wrote the first known book on Occupational Therapy (Studies in Invalid Occupations). This person only believed that nurses should be involved in patient occupations and she did NOT attend the first NSPOT meeting but Chaired it's Committee on Teaching Methods.

Back 5

Who is Susan Tracy?

Front 6

This person was an arts and crafts teacher from CA but later worked as the Director of Occupations at New York State Department of Public Charities where she tried to show that occupations can improve the mental and physical status of patients and inmates and that these people can contribute to their self-support. This person advocated for higher educational standards and for educating fewer but more competent OTs verses larger numbers of less competent OTs.

Back 6

Who is Susan Cox Johnson?

Front 7

This person was a Canadian architect who was recognized for building facilities for people with disabilities that included Occupational Therapy workshops. This individual made hospitals for the treatment of patients with TB especially WWI veterans in the US and Canada.

Back 7

Who is Thomas Kidner?

Front 8

This movement started in England and gradually moved to the US; it was led by William Morris and John Ruskin. It was in reaction to the introduction of machinery and assembly lines and went against such mass production methods because "it took people away from nature and their own creativity." Also emphasized that if people made everyday items that were beautiful and practical, this physical and mental connection to their work was healthier.

Back 8

What is the Arts and Crafts Movement?

Front 9

A surfacing of the idea in sanitariums and hospitals that people who were "handicapped" could still be productive and deserved an opportunity to have competitive involvement in life.

Back 9

Describe the emerging beliefs that helped to create the profession of Occupational Therapy.

Front 10

This movement emphasized that all people, no matter how challenged, deserved the same consideration and compassion. It helped to make the conditions for those who were deemed "insane" and others who were confined due to a disability to be more bearable. It also emphasized the use of structured daily activities and simple work tasks to help patients improve their health. The French physician Philippe Pinel was the first to implement the use of occupations to divert his patients' attention away from their emotional disturbances. In England, William Tuke a wealthy Quaker, helped to improve conditions for asylum patients by building an institution called the York Retreat where patients were treated with kindness and compassion. William Rush was the first physician in the US to implement Moral Treatment with his patients.

Back 10

What is the Moral Treatment Movement and who is/are credited for beginning it?

Front 11

The return of veterans from WWI who were permanently or temporarily disabled from combat pushed for more OTs to be educated in a quicker period of time which led to poorer standards of education because they needed OTs so quickly. It also increased the rate of growth and evolution of the OT profession because we quickly realized we needed higher standards in education in order to be taken seriously. Also, the experiences of OTs (or rehabilitation aides as they were called then) during this war helped link OT to disabilities, as well as to the medical model, the American Medical Association, and so on which gave it more credability and solidified its need and presence.

Back 11

How did World War I affect the development of Occupational Therapy?

Front 12

Urbanization brought with it the increase of communicable diseases (i.e. TB, polio, etc.) and thus a greater need for rehabilitation experts to help people with the long-term effects of their illnesses. Industrialization created more injuries from work related accidents (i.e. machines mutilating body parts and back pain from repetitive assembly line work) which brought on a need for rehabilitation to help these individuals as well.

Back 12

How did urbanization and the industrialization affect the development of Occupational Therapy?

Front 13

The perspective that an individual should be treated as a whole entity verses just as a series of parts or problems to be dealt with. Furthermore, it states that participation in occupations is a human characteristic and that allowing for this participation will improve health. Later became the core philosophical bases for OT profession.

Back 13

Describe Adolph Meyer's holistic philosophical approach to mental health?

Front 14

The switch from a monarchy to a republic created an ideal of equality for all which quickly spread to form new movements such as the Moral Treatment Movement.

Back 14

How did the French Revolution in the late 18th century influence the later emergence of OT?

Front 15

She asserted that people are not bettered by being locked up and degraded. This would only create fear and that the person needed to be treated with consideration and be taught how to better him or herself.

Back 15

Explain how Dorothea Dix's lunatic asylum and prison reforms helped to create the profession of OT.

Front 16

True or False: All of the following are purposes of the Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lectureship Award.
1. It is intended to honor a member of AOTA who has creatively contributed to the body of knowledge of the profession through research, education, and/or clinical practice.
2. Also, to acknowledge the advancement of theory, standards, and improved methods that enhance service to consumers and promote public awareness and understanding of Occupational Therapy.
3. In addition, it gives outstanding OTs a distinct opportunity to share their knowledge and experience with the membership.
4. Finally, it enables the members to benefit from new knowledge, innovative perspectives, and significant developments in the profession.

Back 16

True

Front 17

True or False: All of the following are criteria that must be met for a Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lectureship Nominee.
1. The nominee must be an OT or a COTA and a member of AOTA at the time of nomination and of award presentation.
2. They will also make significant advances to the body of knowledge through research advances, improvements in practice, or scholarly contributions.
3. He or she needs to have shared his or her knowledge and inspired others through written publication or oral presentation.
4. Finally, both scholarly contribution and organizational volunteering will be considered.

Back 17

True

Front 18

Only one award is considered each year but only given if merited. Award is presented by AOTA president at National Conference. Awardee is given a crystal award and monetary gift and their name is placed on ECSL plaque in AOTA headquarters. Their lecture is published in Nov/Dec issue of AJOT in year that lecture is presented.

Back 18

Describe the Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lectureship Award procedures for nomination and award administration.

Front 19

1. Practice
2. Professionalism
3. Education
4. Philosophy
5. Theory
6. Research
7. Marketing
8. History

Back 19

Describe the 8 themes of OT as found by the DeBeer study of Eleanor Clarke Slagle lectures from 1955-1985?

Front 20

The financial meltdown from the Great Depression slowed the growth of the profession of OT.

Back 20

How did the Great Depression affect the growth of OT?