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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Microbiology
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the study of organisms to small to be seen without magnification
bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, helminthes, algae |
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Microbiology Endeavors
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Immunology
public health microbiology and epidemiology food, dairy, and aquatic microbiology agricultural microbiology biotechnology genetic engineering and recombinant dna technology |
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Infectious disease
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Pathogens: microorganisms that do harm
2,000 different microbes cause disease |
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spread of infectious disease
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increase in antibiotic resistant microbes
destruction of land and natural habitats d=destructive and changing agricultural practices increase in human travel |
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microbial characteristics
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cellular
prokaryote microscopic, unicellular organisms, lack nuclei and membrane-bound organelles eukaryote unicellular (microscopic) and multicellular, nucleus and membrane-bound organelles virus acellular articles composed of a nucleic acid and protein non-living |
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history
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thousands of microbiologists, 300 years
prominent discoveries include: microscopy scientific method development of medical microbiology microbiology techniques |
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scientific method
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developed in 1600's
approach taken by scientist to explain a certain natural phenomenon hypothesis a tentative explanation that can be supported or refuted; deductive approach "if..then... lengthy process of experimentation, analysis and testing either supports or refutes the hypotheses results must be published and repeated by other investigators if hypothesis is supported by growing body of evidence and survives rigorous scrutiny it becomes a theory if evidence of a theory is so compelling that the next level of confidence is reached, it becomes a Law or principle |
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father of microbiology
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Antoine van Leeuwenhoek
improved the first microscope by hand first to see red blood cells, sperm, and plague called microorganisms animalcules microscope; lens, screw, handle, specimen holder |
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Edward Jenner
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developed small pox vaccine
1980 world free of small pox |
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Ignaz Semmelweis
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discovered hand washing prevents spread of disease
observed the transfer of germs from morgue to maternity ward |
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Ferdinand Cohn
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classified bacteria by shape
discovered endospores |
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Robert Koch
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shares credit for Germ Theory of Disease
First to publish paper to link bacteria to disease, anthrax, TB, cholera developed Koch's postulates, specific cause for specific disease |
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Koch's postulates
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must be found in all cases of disease examined
prepared and maintained in pure culture capable of producing initial infection retrievable from inoculated animal and cultured again |
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Joseph Lister
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studied lactic fermentation of milk
aseptic technique chemical disinfectant cleaning of hands before surgery heat sterilization of instruments |
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Louis Pasteur
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disproved spontaneous generation
used swan necked flasks to prove dust in air was source of microbes supported germ theory of disease continued vaccination development |
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Taxonomy
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organizing, classifying and naming living things
domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species |
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binomial nomenclature
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2 names
Genus capitalized species lower case both italicized names varied and imaginative |
