Introduction To Logic: Fallacies Of Relevance

Front 1

Appeal to the Populace
(ad Populum)

Back 1

An informal fallacy committed when the support offered for some conclusion is an appropriate appeal to the multitude.

Front 2

Appeal to Emotion

Back 2

An informal fallacy committed when the support offered for some conclusion is emotions- fear, envy, pity, or the like- of the listener.

Front 3

The Red Herring

Back 3

An informal fallacy committed when some distraction is used to mislead and confuse.

Front 4

The Straw Man

Back 4

An informal fallacy committed when the position of one's opponent is misrepresented and that distorted position is made the object of attack.

Front 5

Argument Against the Person
(ad Hominem)

Back 5

An informal fallacy committed when, rather than attacking the substance of some position, one attacks the person of its advocate, either abusively or as a consequence of his or her circumstances.

Front 6

Appeal to the Force
(ad Baculum)

Back 6

An informal fallacy committed when force, or the threat of force, is relied on to win consent.

Front 7

Missing the Point
(ad Elenchi)

Back 7

An informal fallacy committed when one refutes, not the thesis one's interlocutor is advancing, but some different thesis that one mistakenly imputes to him or her.