Introduction To Heredity

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Heredity

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the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.

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Offspring

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children

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Gene

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(in informal use) a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

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Genetic Trait

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An inherited characteristic

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Allele

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one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

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Genotype

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the genetic constitution of an individual organism.

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Phenotype

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the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

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Dominant

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most important, powerful, or influential.

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Recessive

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relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent.

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Homozygous

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homozygous. If you're homozygous, you've got a pair of matching alleles, which are the two genes that control a particular trait. If both your alleles that determine blood type are O, you're homozygous — and you've got type O blood.

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Heterzygous

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The genetics term heterozygous refers to a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive — they're different. Like all words with the prefix hetero, this has to do with things that are different — specifically genes.

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Cross

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The deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent.

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monohybrid punnett square

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cross is the study of the inheritance of one characteristic.

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F1 generation

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An F1 hybrid (or filial 1 hybrid) is the first filial generation of offspring of distinctly different parental types.

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Simple Dominance

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Simple dominance occurs when an inherited trait is coded for by a single gene and that gene has two versions, or alleles: the dominant version and the recessive version. The dominant allele of the gene hides the presence of the recessive allele.

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Incomplete dominance

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Incomplete dominance is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele.

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co-dominance

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Codominance is a relationship between two versions of a gene. Individuals receive one version of a gene, called an allele, from each parent. If the alleles are different, the dominant allele usually will be expressed, while the effect of the other allele, called recessive, is masked

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hybrid

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the offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties, such as a mule (a hybrid of a donkey and a horse).