Introduction To Cells, Tissues And Microscopy

Front 1

a 7-10 nm thick lipid bilayer with internal (integral) and peripheral proteins, which surrounds the cell

Back 1

Plasma membrane

Front 2

an annular a (belt) junction sealing the gap between epithelial cells

Back 2

tight junction

Front 3

a punctuate adhering junction between cells

Back 3

desmosome

Front 4

a localized region where the plasma membranes of two adjacent cells join to form minute intercellular channels, which allow small molecules to move from the cytoplasm of one cell to another

Back 4

gap junction

Front 5

a thin cylindrical projection of the plasma membrane supported internally by a bundle of actin filiments

Back 5

micorvillus

Front 6

7nm wide filaments, the major component of the cell contractile machinery

Back 6

actin filament

Front 7

10 nm wide filaments, that seem to play a structural role in the cytoplasm. Associated with desmosomes.

Back 7

intermediate filament

Front 8

25 nm wide tubular fibers that have a supportive function in the cytoplasm. Main structural component of cilia, flagella, and the mitotic spindle

Back 8

micotubule

Front 9

short cylinder of 9 microtubule triplets; located in the cell center (centrosome)

Back 9

centriole

Front 10

15nm RNA/protein particle which catalyzes protein synthesis

Back 10

ribosome

Front 11

storage form of polysaccharide

Back 11

glycogen particles

Front 12

flattened intracellular bags of membrane studded with ribosomes, that synthesize proteins

Back 12

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Front 13

flattened intracellular bags of membrane without ribosomes, involved with steroid synthesis, drug metabolism, ect.

Back 13

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 14

a stack of flattened membrane bags and vesicles that package secretory proteins and participate in protein glycosylation

Back 14

golgi apparatus

Front 15

a pair of membranes connected to the ER that surrounds the nucleus

Back 15

nuclear envelope

Front 16

small circular openings through the nuclear envelope

Back 16

nuclear pores

Front 17

dispersed, presumably active form of the DNA-protein complex of chromatin

Back 17

euchromatin

Front 18

condensed, inactive chromatin

Back 18

heterochromatin

Front 19

site of RNA synthesis in the nuclus

Back 19

nucleolus

Front 20

highly impermeable membrane-bounded bags of hydrolytic enzymes

Back 20

lysosome

Front 21

membrane bounded bags of the enzyme catalase and various oxidases

Back 21

peroxisome

Front 22

organelles surrounded by a smooth outer membrane and a convoluted inner membrane (folds are known as cristae) which contain many enzymes, including those for fatty acid oxidation as ell as the system for oxidative phosphorylation of ADP

Back 22

mitochondira

Front 23

two ends as polar and non-polar ends of phospholipid in membrans

Back 23

amphipathic

Front 24

(4) types of tissues

Back 24

epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous

Front 25

single layer of flat cells

Back 25

simple squamous

Front 26

multiple layers of cells with one flat layer at the surface

Back 26

stratified squamous

Front 27

single layer of square cells

Back 27

simple cuboidal

Front 28

single layer of tall thin cells

Back 28

simple columnar

Front 29

single layer of tall thin cells packed together in such a jumble that they seem to be in layers, although all of the cells reach the basement membrane

Back 29

psudostratified columnar

Front 30

stratified cuboidal epithelium of urinary passages

Back 30

transitional

Front 31

tissue fxn: cover organs, line viscera and blood vessels, and secretory cells of glands

Back 31

epithelial tissue

Front 32

tissue fxn: the histollogical glue which binds the other tissues together to form organs; specializations include bone and cartilage. Source of vascular supply to support the avasuclar epithelium

Back 32

connective tissue

Front 33

sparse collagen and elastic fibers, plentiful cells

Back 33

loose connective tissue

Front 34

concentrated collagen, few cells

Back 34

dense connective tissue

Front 35

homogenous matrix of collagen and protein-polysaccharide with few cells ( trapped in lacuane). Avascular.

Back 35

cartilage

Front 36

calcified collagen matrix with few cells trapped in the caves of bone

Back 36

bone

Front 37

tissue fxn: generation of contractile force

Back 37

muscle tissue

Front 38

very long cylindrical striated muscle cells with multiple peripheral nuclei

Back 38

skeletal muscle

Front 39

short branching striated muscle cells with one or two centrally located nuclei

Back 39

cardiac muscle

Front 40

closely packed spindle-shaped cells with a single centrally placed nucleus and cytoplasm that appears homogeneous by light microscopy

Back 40

smooth muscle

Front 41

tissue fxn: specialized for the transmission, reception and integration of electrical impulses

Back 41

nervous tissue

Front 42

very large excitable cells with long processes called axons and dendrites

Back 42

neurons

Front 43

the supporting cells of nervous tissue

Back 43

gilial cells

Front 44

connections of neuronal processes bound together by connective tissues

Back 44

nerves

Front 45

carry oxygen to the tissues

Back 45

Red blood cells (connective tissue)

Front 46

transient inhabitants of the blood which are manufactured in bone marrow and pass through the blood to connective tissue where they participate in defense against biological and chemical invaders

Back 46

white blood cells (connective tissue)

Front 47

blood clotting

Back 47

platelets (connective tissue)

Front 48

biconcave discs containing hemoglobin

Back 48

red blood cells

Front 49

granulocytes that have one of three different types of granules and lobed nuclei; lymphocytes and monocytes have few granules and round or indented nuclei

Back 49

white blood cellsq

Front 50

anucleate cell fragments produced by magakaryocyte in the bone marrow

Back 50

platelets

Front 51

tissue fxn: responsible for the "immune response" to foreign invader which is mediated by either antibodies produced by the cells or by the cells themselves

Back 51

lymphoid tissues

Front 52

thick wall composed of smooth muscle plus some connective tissue surrounding a small lumen

Back 52

artery

Front 53

narrow tube lined with a single endotheilial cell

Back 53

capillary

Front 54

large lumen relative to thickness of connective tissue and smooth muscle wall, can occasionally see valves

Back 54

vein

Front 55

small thin-walled vessels which carry lymph

Back 55

lyphatic

Front 56

focuses light on sample

Back 56

condenser lens

Front 57

magnifies sample and produces initial image

Back 57

objective lens

Front 58

produces final magnification and image

Back 58

projector lens

Front 59

(4) types of microscopy

Back 59

-light microscope

-transmission electron microscope

-scanning electron microscope

-comparison of optical systems

Front 60

(3) types of light microsopes

Back 60

-brightfield

-phase contrast

-immunoflorescence