Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the name of the two layers of bone and which is more on the outside?
|
Periosteum (more on the outside)
Cambium |
|
|
What are 3 causes of bone sclerosis?
|
Microfracture and callus
Stress remodeling Eburnation |
|
|
Bone sclerosis is also known as...
|
...the endosteal response.
|
|
|
What is the name of the complete or incomplete rim of bone around a sclerotic lesion?
|
Sclerotic margin.
|
|
|
Why is there increased bone sclerosis usually on the medial side?
What is this an example of? |
The medial side bears more weight.
Example of stress remodeling. |
|
|
What are the 3 types of bone lysis and which is the most aggressive?
|
Geographic
Moth eaten Permeative (most aggressive) |
|
|
How long does it take to see bone lysis?
|
7-10 days
|
|
|
How long does it take to see bone production?
|
10-14 days
|
|
|
How long does it take to start see a callus form?
|
6 weeks
|
|
|
What is Codman's triangle made out of?
|
Periosteal bone formation (made of smooth bone)
|
|
|
What are 4 things you should do when radiographically evaluating radiographs?
|
Include joint above and below
Sedate Use other limb (esp. small animals) Immediate post-op radiographs |
|
|
What are 5 variables in fracture recognition?
|
Quality of radiographs
Xray bea direction Degree of displacement Overlying structures Knowledge of anatomy |
|
|
What are the 6 fracture classificiations?
|
Complexity
Location External communication Extent of damage Direction Special types |
|
|
What is an avulsion fracture?
|
A fracture where it's been pulled away due to excessive forces, but there is still muscle or joint capsul attachments.
|
|
|
What are the 2 most common causes of a chip fracture?
|
Direct bone trauma
Hyperextension |
|
|
What are the 2 most common causes of a slab fracture?
|
Repeated stress
Hyperextention |
|
|
What are 3 possible general causes of pathologic fractures?
|
Neoplasia, infection, hyperparathyroidism
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of a pathologic fracture?
|
Osteosarcoma
|
|
|
What is the most common underlying cause of a folding fracture?
|
Osteopenia
|
|
|
What are some animal factors that affect healing?
|
Age, nutrition, vascular integrity
|
|
|
In degenerative joint disease, the joint space is _______ early in the disease but _________ later in the disease.
|
wide
thinner |
|
|
What are the stages of degeneration in pressure areas?
|
Fibrillation
Thinning Vascular development Bone erosion/sclerosis |
|
|
What are the stages of degeneration in non-pressure areas?
|
Fibrillation
Vascular development Cartilage proliferation Mineralization --> Osteophyte |
|
|
What are the general signs of DJD?
|
Osteophytes
Enthesophytes Soft tissue swelling of the joint Thinning of the joint space Subchondral bone lysis Subchondral eburnation |
|
|
What are the 5 types of bone production?
|
Dystrophic mineralization
Metastatic mineralizatoin Osseous metaplasia Tumor bone Cartilage ossification |
|
|
An alkaline pH is necessary for _______ deposit.
|
An alkaline pH is necessary for mineral deposit.
|
|
|
Bone sclerosis is a type of __________ bone response.
|
Bone sclerosis is a type of endosteal bone response.
|
|
|
What is the difference in radiographic appearance between a bone neoplasia and bone mycotic infection?
|
Neoplasia is lytic and localized.
Mycosis is productive and focal/multifocal. |
|
|
What are the three most common causes of bacterial osteomyelitis?
|
Fracture complication, bite wound, puncture.
|
|
|
Bacterial osteomyelitis tends to be _________ (focal/generalized) and ________ (productive/lytic)
|
Bacterial osteomyelitis tends to be generalized and productive.
|
|
|
What are 4 factors that affect fracture healing that don't pertain to the specific animal?
|
Degree of motion
Degree of post reduction apposition Fracture location Fracture type |
|
|
What is delayed union?
|
When the fracture hasn't healed in the expected time.
|
|
|
What is non-union?
|
When healing of the fracture has stopped.
|
