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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy VS.
Physiology |
-anatomy is the study of the structure of body structures and their placement
-physiology is the study of the function of body systems |
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Herophilis
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-first scientist to dissect both human and animal bodies
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Pelops
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-taught anatomy to Galen
-taught that nerves arteries and veins all arise from the brain |
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Galen
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-Prince of Physicians
-influenced by herophilis -"human organs were so well constructed...form and structure of all organs were justified by their destiny |
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Vesalius
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-reformer of anatomy
-promoted idea of living anatomy -parts of body must fit into system -wrote de humani corpus(the human body) -started putting anatomical words in latin -started actually looking at patients -started drawing what he saw -dissected criminals that were executed by a judge -hired artists to draw |
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Murder Act of 1752
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-only executed criminal bodies could be used for research
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Anatomy Act of 1832
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-non-criminal bodies could be used for research
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Gray's anatomy
Gray |
-died of smallpox from studying his dying nephew
-his work was continued by others -the most recent edition of his work was published in 2004 |
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cytology
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study of the cell
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histology
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study of tissues formed by cells and cell products
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embryology
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study of the origin and development of an organism from fertilization of the oocyte till birth
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developmental anatomy
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structural changed in body between conception and maturation
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pathologic anatomy
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characteristic changes that occur during illness
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Radiographic anatomy
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anatomical structures or features observed by non-invasive procedures, such as ultrasound or x-ray
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regional anatomy
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gross anatomy of all structures, external and internal, in one region of the body
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surface anatomy
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superficial anatomical markings and gross anatomy of internal structures relative to overlying skin surface
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surgical anatomy
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anatomical landmarks used prior to surgery
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systemic anatomy
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gross anatomy of all the components of an organ system
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microscopic anatomy
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strutures that cannot be observed by the unaided eye
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macroscopic/gross anatomy
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structure and realtionships of large body parts that are visible to the unaided eye
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organization
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complex structure and order
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metabolism
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-various chemical reactions
-breaking down injested nutrients -breaking down injested nutrients into digestible particles -using cells own energy to perform certain functions -contracting and relaxing muscles to move the body -injesting nutrients and expelling wastes |
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growth and development
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-assimilate materials from their environment and exhibit increased size and increased specialization related to changes in form and function
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responsiveness
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sense and response to changes externally and internally
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regulation
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homeostasis
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Reproduction
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-producing new cells for growth and maintenance and repair
-producing sex cells(gametes) that have the ability to be a new organism |
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manubrium
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Latin for handle
superior portion of the chest bones |
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gladiolus
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latin for gladiators sword
middle portion of the chest bones |
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xiphoid
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greek for sword shaped
inferior portion of the chest bones |
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Anatomical position
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upright, feet parallel, & flat on the floor, head level, eyes looki forward, arms either side, palms forward
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section
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actual cut/slice
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plane
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imaginary flat surface passing through the body
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coronal/frontal plane
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vertical plane that devides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts
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transverse plane/cross sectional plane/ horizontal plane
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cuts perpendicularly along the long axis
cuts body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts computed tomography (ct) scans provide transverse secion images of the body for study |
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sagittal/ median plane
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-extends thought the body vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves
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midsaggittal plane
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through the body's midline
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parasagittal plane
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parallel to the midsagittal on the right or left
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oblique plane
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passes through the speciman at an angle
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anterior
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in front of; toward the front surface
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posterior
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in back of; toward the back surface
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dorsal
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at the back side of the human body
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ventral
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at the belly side of the human body
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superior
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toward the head or above
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inferior
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toward the feet or below
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caudal
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at the rear or tail end
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cranial
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at the head end
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medial
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toward the midline
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lateral
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away from the midline
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deep
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on the inside, underneath another structure
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superficial
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on the outside
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characteristics of living things
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organization, metabolism, growth and development, responsiveness, regulation, reproduction
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regional anatomy
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includes axial and appendicular regions
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axial region
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head, neck, and trunk, forms the main vertical axis of our body
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appendicular region
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limbs and appendages that attach to body axis
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cranial cavity
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formed by cranium and houses brain
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vertebral canal
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formed by individual bones of vertebral column and contains spinal cord
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another name for head
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caput
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another name for neck
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cervical region
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other cavities in the head
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middle ear, oral, nasal, and orbital
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proximal
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closest to point of attachment to trunk
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distal
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furthest from point of attachment to trunk
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shoulder
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deltoid
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upper arm
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brachium
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forearm
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antebrachium (ante- before, be-"fore" the upper arm.)
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hand
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manus
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front of elbow
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antecubital fossa (used for removing venous blood, or injecting medications) "a" for anterior- toward the front
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back of elbow
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olecranal region ("o" the bone hurts when you hit it on something)
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mediastinum
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contains the heart, thymus, esophogus, trachea, and several major blood vessels that connect with the heart
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Pericardium
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two layered serous membrane that encloses the heart
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parietal pericardium
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outermost serous layer and its associated fibrous layer
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visceral pericardium (epicardium)
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external surface of the heart
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pericardial cavity
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potential space between the parietal and visceral pericardia
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pleura
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two layered serous membrane -lines the lungs which are contained on the right and left sides of the thoracic cavity
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parietal pleura
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outer layer of the pleural serous membrane- firmly attached to the chest wall and superior surface of the diaphram
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visceral pleura
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external surface of the lungs
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pleural cavity
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narrow moist potential space between the pleurae containing lubricating serous fluid
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peritoneum
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moist two layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic calvity
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parietal peritoneum
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contained inside the peritoneum- lines the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity
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visceral peritoneum
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contained inside the peritoneum- ensheathes the external surface of most digestive organs
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peritoneal cavity
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potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneums that contains lubricating serous fluid- smaller enclosure within the abdominopevic cavity- some things are in the abdominopelvic cavity but not in the peritoneal cavity
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peritoneal lavage
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diagnostic test in which a rinse solution is inserted and then removed form the peritioneal cavity to detect traumatic damage
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mucous membranes line the...
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respiratory tract, digestive tract, urinary tract, reproductive system
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