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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the Basic dyes used in staining?
What are the acidic dyes used in staining? |
Basic dye: Hematoxylin (Pos. +)
Acidic dye: Eosin Paste (Neg. - ) |
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What is the acidic tissue substance that works in conjunction with Hematoxylin in Staining?
Give some examples |
BASOPHILLIC
Nucleic Acids (phosphate groups) Cartilage Matrix (sulfate groups) Nucleii and RER |
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What is the basic tissue substance that works in conjunction with Eosin in Staining?
Give some examples |
ACIDOPHILLIC
Protein (amino groups) Granules and cytoplasm |
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What are the four basic tissue types?
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Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue Muscular Tissue Nervous Tissue |
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What is the purpose of epithelial cells?
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Lines tubes and covers surfaces
Comprised of sheets of cells |
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What characterizes connective tissue?
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Consists of cells dispersed in an extracellular matrix
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What characterizes muscular tissue?
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Specialized for contraction to produce movement
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What characterizes nervous tissue?
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Specialized to respond to stimuli and conduct signals from one point to another
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What are the three surfaces of the cell and where are they located?
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Apical surface - containing the microvilla
Lateral surface - separates apical and basal surfaces Basal surface - separate the two lateral surfaces (directly opposite the apical surface) |
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Barrier between cytoplasm and extracellular environment
Composed of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates Lipid bilayer – continuous double layer of lipids |
Plasma Membrane
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How can you see the plasma membrane?
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Using Light microscopy
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What are cell junctions and what do they do?
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Plasma membranes contain specialized proteins that provide cell-to-cell adhesion and communication, and cell-to-matrix adhesion.
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What is another name for Desmosomes and what is their function?
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macula adherens - provide the bridges that allow the adhering junction between epithelial cells to work
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Network of protein filaments that extends throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Cytoskeleton
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What are the three roles of the cytoskeleton?
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Organize intracellular components
Adopt a variety of shapes Carry out coordinated movements |
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What are the three types of protein filaments that are found in the cytoskeleton?
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Intermediate filaments
Microtubules Actin Filaments |
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In regards to Intermediate filaments what anchors the Desmosomes?
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Keratin Filaments
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What are characteristics of the cilia?
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- Stable microtubules
- Motile processes - About 10 microns long - 9+2 arrangement of microtubules - Coordinated movement aids luminal transport of materials - Major locations: respiratory and reproductive tracts |
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What are microfilaments?
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polymerized actin monomers
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What are some characteristics of microfilaments?
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- Actin-rich cortex underlies plasma membrane
- Forms core of microvilli - Cell contraction and crawling depends on actin - Associates with myosin to form contractile structures |
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What are some characteristics of the microvilli?
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- Non-motile
- About 1 micron long - Absorptive function - Comprised of core of actin - Major locations: intestinal tract and kidney tubules |
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What are some characteristics of stereocilia?
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- Ultrastructurally identical to microvilli
- 20-50 microns long - Major location: male reproductive tract |
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What compartments of the cell are regulated through gated transport?
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Cytosol <--> Nucleus
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What Intracellular compartments relies on transmembrane transport?
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Cytosol --> Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Peroxisome
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What Intracellular compartments rely on Vesicular transport?
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ER --> Golgi
Golgi --> Lysosome, Cell Surface, Secretory Vesicles Cell Surface --> Endosome Endosome --> Lysosome |
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What is the Nucleus enclosed in?
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Nuclear Envelope
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What defines the nuclear envelope?
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Composed of two phospholipid bilayers
Continuous with endoplasmic reticulum |
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What is the space between the inner and outer membranes of the Nuclear Envelope?
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Perinuclear space
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In the places where the inner and outer nuclear membranes of the Nuclear Envelope fuse what is this called?
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Nuclear Pores
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What does the Nucleolus do?
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- Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis.
- Contains loops of DNA encoding rRNA genes |
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What occurs in Peroxisomes?
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- Carry out oxidative reactions
- Contain enzymes oxidase: RH2 + O2 --> R + H2O2 and catalase: H2O2 + R’H2 --> R’ + 2H2O Involved in detoxification of poisonous compounds (e.g.; ethanol, hydrogen peroxide) |
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What is related to Crystalin Urate Oxidase?
Is it found in human beings? |
Peroxisomes
No |
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What characterizes the rough ER?
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- Site of production of transmembrane proteins and lipids.
- Membrane has ribosomes attached on the cytosolic surface. - Import of proteins into RER occurs co-translationally. - All proteins destined for secretion from the cell are synthesized on the RER. |
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What characterizes the smooth ER?
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- Short anastamosing tubules not associated with ribosomes.
- Prominent in cells that synthesize steroids. - Contain enzymes that detoxify harmful compounds. - Sequesters calcium from the cytosol. |
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The golgi apparatus provides what to the cell?
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Vesicular transport
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What are lysosomes created from?
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Vesicles coming from the golgi apparatus fusing with endosomes
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What properties of the Lysosome membranes keeps it from enzymatic degradation?
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Unique phospholipids and glycosylation of membrane proteins protects the membrane
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Receives endocytosed material from cell surface
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Early Endosome
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Close to the Golgi and nucleus
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Late Endosome
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What are secretory granules also known as?
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Cytoplasmic Inclusions
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