Intro To Vet Tech: Exam 3 Lecture 2

Front 1

What types of animals should have regularly scheduled vaccines?

Back 1

- Dogs
- Cats
- Horses
- Cattle
- Small ruminants
- Swine

Front 2

What is the number one most effective preventative health measure?

Back 2

Annual physical exams

Front 3

What does preventative health in dogs and cats include (4) and when should you start?

(hint)

Back 3

Clinical evaluation:
- History (Hx)
- Environment
- Lifestyle
- Nutrition

Begins at 6-8 weeks

Hint 3

CHELN

Front 4

Are all preventative health plans set in stone?

Back 4

NO. PH programs should be crafted for each individual pet and owner

Front 5

What nutrient is most important for puppies and kittens?

Back 5

Protein

Front 6

Tell me about variations in diet for domestic animals…

Back 6

- Most domestic species cannot have dramatic variations in diet
- It takes approx. 4-5 days to gradually switch to a new food

Front 7

What three factors dictate how a hospital should determine vaccine protocol?

(hint)

Back 7

1) Geographical area
2) Indigenous afflictions
3) Manufacture guidelines

Hint 7

GIM

Front 8

What is an indigenous affliction?
(example?)

Back 8

Something that has a high fatality rate and is highly contagious in a certain area
ex. rabies or influenza

Front 9

How does cat nutrition differ from dogs?

Back 9

Cats are true carnivores whereas dogs are omnivores

Front 10

What percent of a cat’s diet are carbs?

Back 10

Less than 5%

Front 11

What are the three life stages (recognized by veterinarians)?

Back 11

1) Growth
2) Adult maintenance
3) Senior

Front 12

What are the six essential nutrients?

Back 12

1) Protein
2) Fat
3) Carbohydrates
4) Water
5) Minerals
6) Vitamins

Front 13

Which of the essential nutrients provide energy?
(list them in order of most important/utilized)

Back 13

1) Carbohydrates
2) Fat
3) Protein

Front 14

What is the result of good nutrition and what is energy needed for?

Back 14

- Maximizes the length and quality of life
- Energy is needed for biochemical reactions (ex. lungs inflating, heart beating, etc.)

Front 15

What is the difference between fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins?

Back 15

- Fat-soluble: absorbed through GI tract and are readily excreted from the body
- Water soluble: dissolve easily in water (thus metabolize quickly)

Front 16

What are four fat-soluble vitamins and what are 9 water-soluble vitamins?

Back 16

- Fat-soluble: A, D, E and K
- Water-soluble: 8 B vitamins and vitamin C

Front 17

What is the definition of a nutrient?

Back 17

A substance that when ingested supports life

Front 18

What is the most important nutrient and how long can you survive without it?

Back 18

Water
Can’t survive without water for more than 24-48 hours

Front 19

Tell me about carbs…
(What are they broken down into?
What do they provide the body?
What are they stored as?
What are they converted into?)

Back 19

- Broken down into simple sugars
- Best source of energy for body
- Stored as GLYCOGEN
- Converted into fat

Front 20

Tell me about fats…
(What do they break down into?
What happens if there’s excess?
What does it provide the body?)

Back 20

- Broken down into triglycerides
- Excess stored in tissues
- Provides STORED energy

Front 21

Tell me about proteins…
(What do they break down into?
What do they have to do with tissue?
What does it provide?
What is its significance with young animals?)

Back 21

- Broken down into amino acids
- Building blocks of tissue (especially muscle tissue)
- Provides energy
- Young/growing animals need more protein than adults

Front 22

Tell me about fiber…
(What is it referred to as?
What are two types?
Where is it found?
What is significant about it?
What are some examples?)

Back 22

- Referred to as complex carbohydrates
- Two types: cellulose and lignin
- Structural components of grass, plants and wood
- Fiber is a FILLER
- Ex. corn, wheat, rice, barley, oats, etc.

Front 23

Tell me about fiber and the monogastric stomach…

What is fermentation?

Back 23

Monogastric stomach lacks the enzymes to digest fiber, so it needs STARCH instead

Fermentation: decomposition of fiber

Front 24

What must you take into account when developing a nutrition plan?
(also: what are they determined by, how is it affected by age?)

Back 24

- The caloric needs of an individual
- Caloric needs are determined by: AGE, BREED and ACTIVITY LEVEL
- Caloric needs decrease with age

Front 25

What are the three top problems related to dog/cat nutrition?

Back 25

1) Obesity (#1)
2) Diabetes
3) Liver and kidney problems

Front 26

What is the AAFCO and what is their function?

Back 26

Association of American Feed Control Officials

Develop and regulate the manufacture, distribution and sale of animal feeds

Front 27

What are the life stages recognized by the AAFCO?

Back 27

- Growth
- Adult Maintenance
- Reproduction
(but NOT senior)

Front 28

What is the FDA responsible for regarding pet food?

Back 28

- Responsible when a food makes a health claim (ex. “reduces heart disease”)
- Ensuring the safety of ingredients
- Mandating how much preservatives are used in food

Front 29

Tell me about dry matter…

Back 29

- Unit of measurement
- All the nutrients in food after water is removed
- ↑ dry matter = ↑ nutrients = better it is for the animal

Front 30

What is the number one pet nutrition related problem in the US? (percentage?)

Back 30

Obesity

40% of pets are overweight

Front 31

What information does the AAFCO require to be on a pet food label?

(hint)

Back 31

- Guaranteed analysis
- Product name
- Feeding directions
- Ingredients
- Net weight
- Manufacturer name and address
- Who it’s for

Hint 31

Good
Pet
Food
Is
Not
Made
Well

Front 32

What does the guaranteed analysis tell you?

(hint)

Back 32

The percentage of:
- Protein
- Fat
- Fiber
- Moisture

Hint 32

PFFM

Front 33

What do the following ingredients refer to?
Meat
By products
Meal
Cereal
Soybean meal
Preservatives

Back 33

- Meat: muscle meat
- By products: visceral organs (ex. liver/kidney; NOT hair/beak/feet)
- Meal: carbohydrates
- Cereal: grains
- Preservatives: anything added to food to keep it from spoiling

Front 34

What is the significance of a product name?

Tell me about the AAFCO and product names...

Back 34

What a product is called has EVERYTHING to do with what is inside of it


AAFCO regulates what must be in the product if a certain word is used in the name

Front 35

When there is an ingredient in the name, how much of it must be in the product?
(ex. Science Diet Lamb and Rice)

Back 35

95% of the ingredient must be in the product

Front 36

When the words “feast” or “dinner” are used in the name, how much of the ingredient must be in the product?
(ex. Iams Chicken Feast)

Back 36

25% of the ingredient must be in the product

Front 37

When the word “with” is used in the name, how much of the ingredient must be in the product?
(ex. Cat food with Salmon)

Back 37

3% of the ingredient must be in the product

Front 38

When the word “flavor” is used in the name, how much of the ingredient must be in the product?
(ex. Beef flavored dog food)

Back 38

Less than 1% of the ingredient must be in the product

Front 39

Tell me about extruded food…

Back 39

- Extruded: processing where ingredients are cooked as they’re mixed together
- Most common type of pet food
- Large amounts can be produced at a time

Front 40

Tell me about baked dry food…

Back 40

Products are molded into shapes before they are baked in the oven

Front 41

Tell me about wet food…
(content, bad effects, what does it cause, how's it cooked?)

Back 41

- ↑ fat and moisture content
- No preservatives (spoils quickly)
- Rots teeth
- #1 cause of obesity
- Canned before it’s cooked (cooked in the container)

Front 42

What are the five most important factors that determine food choice?

(hint)

Back 42

1) BCS (body condition score)
2) Energy factor
3) Client factor (where do they purchase it?)
4) Activity level
5) Patient

Hint 42

BECAP

Front 43

List 4 advantages of feeding a dry dog food...

(hint)

Back 43

- Doesn't spoil easily
- Efficiently packaged/shipped
- Cost effective
- Tartar control

Hint 43

DECT

Front 44

List 4 reasons a pet owner might choose to feed their pets a premium pet food...

(hint)

Back 44

- Better quality
- Helps skin/coat condition
- ↑ digestibility
- Reduce stool volume

Hint 44

BHHR