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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Other names for the Hebrew Bible |
Old Testament, First Covenant, Jewish Bible
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3 Sections of the Hebrew Bible
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24 Books
Writings, Law (Torah), Prophets |
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How many books are in the Christian OT?
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39
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How many books are in the NT?
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27
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What is the TANAK?
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27 books divided into 3 Sections
Torah: Genesis -- Deuteronomy Prophets: Joshua Writings: Psalms - Chronicles |
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Deuterocanon/Apocrypha
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6 or 7 Eastern Orthodox books added to the 24 books of the Jewish TANAK
Apocrypha is a Protestant name for it |
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What books start the NT?
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The Gospels
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What are the Gospels about?
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The life of Jesus
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What is the historical narrative of Acts about?
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The life of the early church
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Letters of Paul
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13 letters from a Christian missionary leader |
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Pastoral letters
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1-2 Timothy, Titus
concerned with regulations and traditions of early church |
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General (Catholic) letters
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James, 1-2 Peter, 1 2 3 John
concerned with general concerns of the church rather than specific |
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Revelation
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apocalyptic work featuring visions of the end of history
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Canon
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the official collection; the standard
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Canonization
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process of becoming authoritative in a community |
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Hebrew Bible Canonization: Torah
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400 BCE
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Hebrew Bible Canonization: Prophets
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200 BCE
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Hebrew Bible Canonization: Writings
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130 BCE
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The three sections were fixed by when?
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100 BCE
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The Greek New Testament was canonized when? (Gospels and Paul's letters)
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200 CE
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Goal of literary approach:
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to understand the INTRINSIC meaning of literature
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Assumption of literary approach:
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That biblical texts create worlds of their own through their language
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Methods of literary approach
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Formal criticism, Rhetorical Criticism, Structuralism, Narrative Criticism
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Goal of historical approach
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to study the EXTRINSIC world outside of the text by asking what the Bible meant when it was written, to whom it was written, and what situations motivated the writing
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Assumptions of historical approach
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that the context of the text is also important in understanding the meaning of the text
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Methods of historical approach to the Bible
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Canonical criticism, Traditional criticism, Form criticism, Source criticism, textual criticism
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Canonical criticism
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historical approach; to understand the history of the writing and collection of the books of the Bible,
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Goal of contemporary criticism
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How current readers understand the text
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assumption of contemporary criticism
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that readers can bring meaning to the text
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methods of contemporary criticism
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reader-response criticism, ideological criticism, liberation criticism, feminist criticism, deconstruction
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non-canonical
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literature not in the official collection
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deutero-canonical
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belonging to the second level of canonical development
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How many books are in the NT?
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27
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What are the 3 sections of the NT?
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Gospels and Acts
Epistles (letters) Revelation (apocolypse) |
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Books with no disagreement in the Hebrew Bible (OT)
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Narratives (history)
Ex: Genesis, Exodus, Ruth |
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Poetry and Wisdom in the Hebrew Bible
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Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon
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Job
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Suffering
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Psalms
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Hymns used in worship
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Proverbs
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wise sayings
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Ecclesiastes
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Reflections on teachings
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Song of Solomon
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love poetry
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3rd part of Hebrew Bible
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Prophets
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Major Prophets
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Isaiah, Ezekiel, Jeremiah, Daniel: the longest material
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The Apocrypha
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books whose authority are accepted by some but not by others
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Examples of Apocrypha
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4 more books found in Greek and Russian Orthodox than in Latin, Slavonic Bible, Greek Bible
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Torah
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the law, consists of the Pentateuch.
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When was the Torah written?
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Writing completed around Persian Period, 540-333 BCE when Alexander the Great conquered Persia, 5th century BCE, oldest collection in the Bible
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Jerome
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translated the entire Bible into Latin, known as the Vulgate, had debate with Augustine to abandon the deutero-canonical books
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Augustine
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wanted to keep the deutero-canonical books
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Martin Luther
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wanted to keep the books, but placed them in the appendix
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Council of Trent
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1546; Catholic Church affirmed that all of the books of the Latin bible were to be regarded as canonical...began to call them the APOCRYPHA
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According to Catholics, the non canonical texts are ____
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IN
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According to Orthodox, the non canonical text are _____
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IN
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According to Protestants, the non canonical texts are _____
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OUT, but can buy Protestant bible with or without Apocrypha
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Formation of the NT
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written in short span of time, 50-60 years
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Parts of the NT
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* pauline corpus
* gospels * catholic letters * revelation |
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Pauline Corpus
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letters that were intended to be read aloud to groups of people
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Irenaes
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Bishop of Lyons 130-200 considered the the four gospels AUTHORITATIVE
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Marcion
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believed only in one Gospel (LUKE)
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Tatian
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prepared a "harmony" of all four gospels, DIATESSERON
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diatesseron
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"harmony" of all gospels, by Tatian (160)
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Closing of the NT canon
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Council of Laodicea (363 BC)
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Athanasius
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Bishop of Alexandria, prepared Easter letter in 367 including the list of books that are in our canon as it exists today
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Gilgamesh
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predates the Bible, epic narrative. story of a heroes journey. written in akkadian
story of how a man becomes civilized, learns to rule himself/people, to act with temperance, wisdom, and piety one fragment told story of flood |
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hero's journey
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* called to action
* meet a wise man/guide * cross the adventure threshold * passing various tests or trials * attaining the goal * defeating the forces of evil * going back home |
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What language is the epic of Gilgamesh written?
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Akkadian
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Epic
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oldest form of storytelling, likened to an encyclopedia bc it is a compilation of knowledge on subjects such as politics, law, ethics, physics
transferred by oral tradition |
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Characteristics of epic narrative
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* certain milestones in the story
* always a journey * always a hero who represents the group that produced the epic * politically conservative * hero is chosen above the others, beloved by the gods, divine intervention |
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What is the theme of Gilgamesh?
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Tension between the divine and the mortal (Goddess Ishtar)
Hero, Journey, Homecoming |
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What are the similarities between Gilgamesh and the Bible?
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* Great Flood and Plant of eternal life/snake
* Heroes: "Chosen people" * Journeys: coming out of Egypt, Diaspora, Paul's journey from Medina to Mecca Homecomings: arrival in the Promised land, salvation/eternal life, resurrection, Kingdom of God |
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What do epics reinforce?
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Our collective identity
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How is the Bible a story of the journey?
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* hero = collective Hebrew people on a journey
* all events in history can be seen as trials, not punishments from angry God * Bible creates a universal moral code * Having God revealed = moral self-discovery * Bible = epic of moral self-invention in relationship with the divine |
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What are the two names for God in Genesis 1 and 2?
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God and the Lord God
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How many sources behind the composition of the Pentateuch are suggested by the Documentary Hypotheses?
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4
J- Yahwist E- Elohim D- Deuteronomist P- Priestly |
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Ancestor Stories in Genesis provide how many names for God?
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ONE: Lord
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Which Genesis story was most likely written FIRST?
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Genesis 2
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Genesis 2
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written first, YAHWIST
* "Lord God" * World before creation = dry desert * man created first, then animals, then woman * creation = God "formed," "planted," "made" * God = more intimate/hands-on * absence of repitition |
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Genesis 1
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written after exile to Babylon in 587 BC, PRIESTLY
* "God" * World before creation = "watery chaos" * six days with both man and woman created at the same time * creation = God's orders, the word * God = more majestic and transcendent * more repitition |
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J-Source
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Yahwists, personal description of Yahweh, product of "the Golden Age of Judah"
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D-Source
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Deutoronomists
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E-Source
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Elohim: product of Northern kingdom of Israel, deity communicates through dreams
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P-Source
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Priestly: interested in worship and laws associated with priesthood, uses Elohim, majestic view of the divine
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Role of the Redactor
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combine the strands of oral tradition and/or written narrative, represents the cultural matrix
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Date and setting for final form of Genesis
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When people of Judah were in exile in Babylon, 5th century BCE
* desire to think about the beginning, roots when in exile |
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Archetype
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stories that illustrate typical patterns of behavior, descriptive use- to describe the way it is rather describe the way it can become
PAUL: death spread to all people because all people sinned |
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Prototype
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story that sets in motion a chain of events that replicate the original action; other actions in the narrative refer back to the original action in cause and effect relationship
ROMANS: death= original sin |
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Theme of Genesis 1-11
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Tension between harmony and alienation
* harmony in the created order * tension between divine and human |
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Genesis 15-20
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The Ancestor Legends
* Abraham and Sarah (Gen 12-25) |
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When was the Exodus from Egypt?
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Before 13th century BCE
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What are four of the central themes in the story of the journey?
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* Exodus from Egypt
* Covenant at Sinai * Guidance to the Wilderness * Entry into the Promised Land |
