Intro To Statistics Xb2- Unit 1

Front 1

population

Back 1

A population is the complete collection of elements (people, scores, measurements, and so on) to be studied.

Front 2

parameter

Back 2

Any unknown quantity of the population is referred to as a parameter.

Front 3

sample

Back 3

A sample is any subset of elements selected from the population.

Front 4

statistic

Back 4

Any quantity computed from the sample is called a statistic.

Front 5

statistical inference

Back 5

A statistical inference is an estimate or prediction or some other conclusion about a population based on information contained in a sample.

Front 6

simple random sample

Back 6

If a sample is taken in such a way that each element in the population has an equal chance of being selected, the resulting sample is called a simple random sample.

Front 7

strata

Back 7

subpopulations

Front 8

cluster sample

Back 8

A sample is called a cluster sample if a simple random sample of clusters of elements in a population is selected.

Front 9

systematic sample

Back 9

A sample obtained in a systematic fashion is called a systematic sample.

Front 10

variables

Back 10

two types: quantitative and qualitative

Front 11

four measurement scales

Back 11

Nominal Scale- The nominal scale is characterized by data that consist of unordered names, labels, or categories only.
Ordinal Scale- The ordinal scale is characterized by data that consist of ordered categories.
Ratio Scale- Measurements on the ratio scale have meaningful differences and ratios.
Interval Scale

Front 12

frequency distribution

Back 12

A frequency distribution (or frequency table) groups data items into classes and then records the number of items that appear in each class.

Front 13

relative frequency

Back 13

the frequency divided by the sample size

Front 14

histogram

Back 14

Adjacent bars representing the (relative) frequency distribution of measurements on the interval or ratio scale are called histograms.

Front 15

mean
median
mode

Back 15

Sample Mean = the sum of all the data values / the number of values in the data set
The sample median, or just median for simplicity, is the middle value of a data set.
The sample mode of a data set is the data value that occurs most frequently in the data set.